The Electrical Battery in its common form is an unmanageable and
inconvenient apparatus. When the coated surface is comparatively
small, the instrument occupies a large space, and it cannot be
readily removed from place to place without much trouble and risk;
the apparatus is, moreover, very expensive, and when one of the
jars is broken, another of the same dimensions cannot readily be
found to supply its place.
It occurred to me, that a Battery might be constructed of plates
of glass and sheets of tinfoil, in which the same extent of coated
surface should occupy a much smaller space, and consequently
that the apparatus would be more convenient and more portable. I
selected several panes of glass, the surfaces of which coincided
closely with each other, and then arranged them with sheets of
tinfoil in this order, viz. pane of glass, sheet of tinfoil, then
another pane of glass, then a second sheet of tinfoil, and so on;
the sheets of foil being smaller than the plates of glass by two
inches all around; the glass being 10 by 12, and the foil 6 by 8.
This apparatus contained six plates of tinfoil, and the lowest
plate being numbered _one_, was connected with the ground, and by
slips of tinfoil passing over the edges, with the _third_ plate,
and this, in like manner with the _fifth_. The _second_ plate was
connected with the _fourth_, and this with the _sixth_, which
communicated with the conductor of the machine; in this manner each
plate positively electrified will be opposed by one negatively
electrified, and vice versa; the 6th, 4th, and 2d plates positive,
and the 5th, 3d, and 1st, negative. Into this apparatus I could
introduce a powerful charge, but not possessing a battery of the
common form, could not make comparative experiments. The annexed
figures will explain the construction of this apparatus.
(See Plate.)
[Illustration: D^r. J. F. Dana's Electrical Battery.]
Fig. 1.
_a_ 1, _a_ 2, &c. the tinfoil.
_b b b_, plates of glass.
_c_, the intermediate slips connecting the plates 6, 4, and 2.
_d_, the slips connecting 5, 3, 1, and the ground.
Fig. 2.
_a_, the intermediate slips passing over the edges of the glass
and connecting plates, 1, 3, and 5.
_b_, the slip which connects the upper sheet of foil with the
4th, &c.
In a battery of the ordinary form, it is evident that a much less
surface is coated than in one of the above construction; in a
battery of the common form, two feet long, one foot wide, and ten
inches high, and containing 18 coated jars, there will be no more
than 3500 square inches of coated surface, while in a battery of
the same dimensions on the proposed construction, there will be no
less than 8000 square inches covered with tinfoil, allowing the
sheet of glass and of foil to be ¼ inch thick.
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