SMALL NUMBER OF PILGRIMS AT PLYMOUTH. THE PURITANS DECIDE TO GO TO AMERICA. THEY ARE PEOPLE OF INFLUENCE IN ENGLAND. THE PURITAN SETTLERS IN MASSACHUSETTS. THE NEW ENGLAND VILLAGE. THE MEETING-HOUSE; THE BLOCK-HOUSE; THE GREAT FIREPLACE. MODES OF TRAVEL. THE STRANGER WELCOMED. EDUCATION. PURITAN IDEAS OF SABBATH OBSERVANCE AND RELIGIOUS WORSHIP. ROGER WILLIAMS COMES TO NEW ENGLAND. HE WINS THE FRIENDSHIP OF THE INDIANS. HE MAKES PURITAN ENEMIES. THE PURITANS BANISH ROGER WILLIAMS. HE ESCAPES IN MIDWINTER. A LONELY JOURNEY THROUGH THE FOREST. ROGER WILLIAMS MAKES A SETTLEMENT AT PROVIDENCE. HE PREVENTS THE NARRAGANSETTS FROM JOINING THE PEQUOTS IN THEIR WAR. DEATH OF ROGER WILLIAMS. TO THE PUPIL 1. Picture to yourself the New England village; also the big fire-place with the Puritan family gathered about the blazing fire at night. 2. What do you admire in Roger Williams? How did he make many Puritan enemies? 3. Write an account of his midwinter journey through the woods. 4. Tell how he befriended the people of Massachusetts at the outbreak of the Pequot War. 5. How did the people of Providence feel about religious freedom? CHAPTER VIII William Penn and the Settlement of Pennsylvania [1644-1718] [Illustration: William Penn.] The Pilgrims and Puritans were not the only people who had to suffer persecution in England because they did not believe in the doctrines and forms of worship of the Established Church. Under the leadership of George Fox there sprang up (about 1669) a peculiar religious sect called by themselves Friends and by others Quakers. These people were severely punished on account of their religious ideas. The central doctrine of their creed was that they were in all things led by the "inner light," as they called conscience, which revealed to them the will of God. Believing that all men were equal before the law, the Quaker always kept his hat on in public places as a sign of equality, refusing to uncover even in the presence of royalty. Other peculiar tenets of the Quakers were their unwillingness to take an oath in court; to go to war; to pay taxes in support of war; the use of "thee" and "thou" in addressing one another; and, as a protest against the rich and elegant dress of their time, the wearing of plain clothes of sober colors.