American Military Insignia, 1800-1851 — John Shaqi
American Military Insignia, 1800-1851Campbell, J. Duncan, (James Duncan)
History
American Military Insignia, 1800-1851
Campbell, J. Duncan, (James Duncan)
United States -- Militia -- Insignia; United States. Army -- Insignia
CAP AND PLATE, THIRD ARTILLERY, 1821
_USNM 66603-M. Figure 31._
[Illustration: FIGURE 31]
Although several "yellow" eagles that can be attributed to the
1821-1832 period are known, this brass specimen on the bell-crowned
cap is the only one known to the authors that has the prescribed
regimental number cut out of the shield. The button on the pompon
rosette--which appears to be definitely original to the cap, as does
the eagle--carries the artillery "A," thus the assignment to that
branch of the service. The eagle bears a close similarity to the
eagles on the 1812 and 1814 infantry cap plates and the 1807 Marine
Corps cap plate, and is possibly the work of the same designer.
CAP INSIGNIA, INFANTRY, 1822
_USNM 60364-M (SK-120). Figure 32._
[Illustration: FIGURE 32]
Early in 1822, the Secretary of War, acting on a suggestion of
Callendar Irvine, ordered that all metal equipment of the infantry be
of "white metal" in keeping with its pompons, tassels, and lace.[73]
This specimen, struck in copper and silvered, is believed to have been
issued as a result of that order.
[Footnote 73: Letter dated January 4, 1822, from Secretary of War to
Irvine (Records AGO).]
¶ The 1821 regulations stated that cockade eagles should measure 1-1/2
inches between wing tips. In 1832 this wingspread was increased to
2-1/2 inches. Thus, specimens of a relatively uniform pattern and
measuring approximately 1-1/2 inches in wingspread will be considered
as of the Regular Army, 1821-1832. Similarly, those of a relatively
uniform pattern and measuring approximately 2-1/2 inches in wingspread
are dated 1832-1851.
COCKADE EAGLE, C. 1821
_USNM 60371-M (S-K 127). Figure 33._
[Illustration: FIGURE 33]
This eagle, struck in brass, has wings extended, head to the right,
federal shield on breast with no stars, olive branch in right talon,
and three arrows in left talon.
COCKADE EAGLE, INFANTRY, C. 1821
_USNM 60372-M (S-K 128). Not illustrated._
This eagle is struck from the same die as the preceding specimen, but
it is in white metal rather than brass.
COCKADE EAGLE, C. 1821
_USNM 60367-M (S-K 123). Figure 34._
[Illustration: FIGURE 34]
Of silver on copper, this eagle is similar to the two preceding
specimens, but is struck from a variant die. It possibly was worn by
the Militia.
COCKADE EAGLE, INFANTRY, C. 1821
_USNM 60373-M (S-K 130). Figure 35._
[Illustration: FIGURE 35]
This specimen is very similar to those above, but it has 13 stars in
the shield on the eagle's breast.
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