American Military Insignia, 1800-1851Campbell, J. Duncan, (James Duncan)
History
American Military Insignia, 1800-1851
Campbell, J. Duncan, (James Duncan)
United States -- Militia -- Insignia; United States. Army -- Insignia
¶ In 1834, possibly as a result of the newly organized dragoons
receiving distinctive branch insignia, the infantry and artillery once
again were authorized devices on the dress cap designating their
particular arm. The gilt eagle was retained. Below the eagle was an
open horn with cords and tassels in silver for infantry, and cross
cannons in "gilt" for artillery. The number of the regiment was added
over the cannon or within the curve of the horn. These devices
remained in use until the change in headgear in 1851.
CAP INSIGNIA, INFANTRY, 1834-1851
_USNM 62055-M, 62056-M (SK-1808, 1809). Figure 39._
[Illustration: FIGURE 39]
This eagle is similar to the 1821 pattern, although somewhat more
compact in design. It is struck in brass, has wings upraised, head to
the right, shield on breast, olive branch in right talon, and three
arrows in left talon. The open horn, struck in brass and silvered, is
suspended, with bell to the right, by four twisted cords tied in a
3-leaf-clover knot; the tassels on the four cord-ends hang below.
CAP INSIGNIA, ARTILLERY, 1834-1851
_USNM 60426-M (S-K 182). Figure 40._
[Illustration: FIGURE 40]
This is the "gilt ... cross cannons" device prescribed for artillery
in the 1834 regulations. Struck in sheet brass of medium thickness,
the superimposed cannon has trunnions and dolphins.
FORAGE CAP STAR, DRAGOON OFFICER, C. 1840
_USNM 604967-M (S-K 1111). Figure 41._
[Illustration: FIGURE 41]
Although uniform regulations for the period of the 1830's and 1840's
make no mention of a distinctive device for the dragoon forage cap,
photographs in the National Archives show that officers' caps, at
least, carried a 6-pointed star, apparently gold-embroidered.[75] This
specimen is believed to be such a star. Made of gold bullion and with
rather large sequins sewed onto a heavy paper background, the star is
mounted on dark blue wool. The points of the star are extended with
gold embroidery on the cloth.
[Footnote 75: TOWNSEND AND TODD, pp. 1-2.]
CAP INSIGNIA. CADET'S, U.S. MILITARY ACADEMY, 1842, AND ENGINEER
SOLDIERS, 1846
_USNM 604529 (S-K 676) Figure 42._
[Illustration: FIGURE 42]
In 1839 the cadets at the Military Academy discarded the bell-crowned
caps they had worn since 1821 and wore a cylindrical black shako
similar to that worn by the Regular artillery and infantry. The
artillery gilt eagle and crossed cannon replaced the diamond-shaped
plate on the front. In 1842-1843 the crossed cannon were replaced by
the engineer castle as more in keeping with the original mission of
the Academy and the general orientation of its curriculum.
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