Ohio. The impress of this importation is very manifest in all the country, within a radius of one hundred miles, and some of his fruits are found doing well in the northwestern part of the State of Ohio, in northern Indiana, and in an extended region westward. There are, no doubt, many other local foci, whence good fruits have radiated to bless regions more or less extensive, and in every neighborhood we find the name of some early pomologist attached to the good fruits that he had introduced, thus adding another synonym to the numerous list of those belonging to so many of our good varieties. A.W. Putnam commenced an apple nursery in 1794, a few years after the first white settlement at Marietta, Ohio, the first grafts were set in the spring of 1796; they were obtained from Connecticut by Israel Putnam, and were the first set in the State, and grafted by W. Rufus Putnam. Most of the early orchards of the region were planted from this nursery. These grafts were taken from the orchard of Israel Putnam (of wolf-killing memory) in Pomfret, Connecticut. In the Ohio Cultivator for August 1st, 1846, may be found the following authentic list of the varieties propagated:-- "1. Putnam Russet, (Roxbury.) 2. Seek-no-further, (Westfield.) 3. Early Chandler. 4. Gilliflower. 5. Pound Royal, (Lowell). 6. Natural, (a seedling). 7. Rhode Island Greening. 8. Yellow Greening. 9. Golden Pippin. 10. Long Island Pippin. 11. Tallman Sweeting. 12. Striped Sweeting. 13. Honey Greening. 14. Kent Pippin. 15. Cooper. 16. Striped Gilliflower. 17. Black, do. 18. Prolific Beauty. 19. Queening, (Summer Queen?) 20. English Pearmain. 21. Green Pippin. 22. Spitzenberg, (Esopus?) Many of these have disappeared from the orchards and from the nurserymen's catalogues." FOOTNOTES: [1] Companion for the Orchard.--Phillips. [2] Elliott--Western Fruits. CHAPTER II. HISTORY OF THE APPLE. DIFFICULTIES IN THE OUTSET. APPLE A GENERIC TERM, AS CORN IS FOR DIFFERENT GRAINS; BIBLE AND HISTORIC USE OF THE WORD THEREFORE UNCERTAIN. ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD. BOTANICAL CHARACTERS. IMPROVABILITY OF THE APPLE. NATIVE COUNTRY. CRUDE NOTIONS OF EARLY VARIETIES. PLINY'S ACCOUNT EXPLAINED. CHARLATAN GRAFTING. INTRODUCTION INTO BRITAIN. ORIGINAL SORTS THERE. GERARD'S LIST OF SEVEN. HE URGES ORCHARD PLANTING. RECIPE FOR POMATUM. DERIVATION OF THE WORD. VIRGIL'S ADVICE AS TO GRAFTING. PLINY'S EULOGY OF THE APPLE: WILL OURS SURVIVE AS LONG? PLINY'S LIST OF 29. ACCIDENTAL ORIGIN OF OUR FRUITS. CROSSING. LORD BACON'S GUESS. BRADLEY'S ACCOUNT. SUCCESS IN THE NETHERLANDS. MR. KNIGHT'S EXPERIMENTS. HYBRIDS INFERTILE. LIMITS, NONE NATURAL. LIMITS OF SPECIES. HERBERT'S VIEWS. DIFFICULTIES ATTEND CROSSING ALSO. NO MULES. KIRTLAND'S EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS OF. VAN MONS' THEORY. ILLINOIS RESULTS. RUNNING OUT OF VARIETIES.