American Pomology. ApplesWarder, J. A. (John Aston)
Science
American Pomology. Apples
Warder, J. A. (John Aston)
Apples
Simply crossing different members of the same species, like the
crossing of races in animal life, is not always easily accomplished;
but we here find much less difficulty, and we do not produce a mule
progeny. In these experiments the same precautions must be taken to
avoid the interference of natural agents in the transportation of
pollen from flower to flower; but this process is now so familiar to
horticulturists, that it scarcely needs a mention. In our efforts with
the strawberry, some very curious results have occurred, and we have
learned that some of the recognized species appear under this severe
test to be well founded, as the results have been infertile. Where the
perfection of the fruit depends upon the development of the seed, this
is a very important matter to the fruit-grower; but fortunately this
is not always the case, for certain fruits swell and ripen perfectly,
though containing not a single well developed seed. It would be an
interesting study to trace out those plants which do furnish a well
developed fleshy substance or sarcocarp, without the true seeds. Such
may be found occasionally in the native persimmon, in certain grapes,
and in many apples; but in the strawberry, blackberry, and raspberry,
the berry which constitutes our desirable fruit, never swells unless
the germs have been impregnated and the seeds perfect. In the
stone-fruits the stone or pit is always developed, but the enclosed
seed is often imperfect from want of impregnation or other cause--and
yet the fleshy covering will sometimes swell and ripen.
One of the most successful experimenters in this country is Doctor
J.P. Kirtland, near Cleveland, Ohio, whose efforts at crossing certain
favorite cherries, were crowned with the most happy results, and all
are familiar with the fruits that have been derived from his crosses.
The details of his applying the pollen of one flower to the pistils of
another are familiar to all intelligent readers, and have been so
often set forth, that they need not be repeated in this case--great
care is necessary to secure the desired object, and to guard against
interference from causes that would endanger or impair the value of
the results.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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