American Pomology. ApplesWarder, J. A. (John Aston)
Science
American Pomology. Apples
Warder, J. A. (John Aston)
Apples
The wood growth of the strawberry, when allowed to take its natural
bent, is directed into the stolons or runners, which form natural
layers. Their production detracts from the central wood-growth of the
plant, and exhausts its strength to such a degree, that it often dies,
whereas, by a constant removal of the runners, as fast as they appear,
we practice a sort of summer pruning or pinching, which results in the
production of a large branching stool, with many points or centers for
the production of foliage and flowers, and thus insure the greatest
abundance of fruit. The strawberry, like one species of the raspberry,
and many other of our native plants, offers illustrations of natural
layering.
SEEDS.--The most common as well as the most natural mode of
multiplying the individual plants of most of our fruit trees, is by
sowing the seed; from this source we procure stocks upon which are
worked, by budding or grafting, the several varieties we may desire to
propagate. As an illustration of this process, I propose to speak of
apple seedlings.
The almost universal means of increasing the number of apple trees, is
by sowing the seed. This is generally selected and separated from the
fresh pomace left on the press in cider-making. The old and slow
process of hand-washing has given way, in this age of labor-saving
machinery, to more economical methods. The most approved apparatus is
constructed upon the principle of separating the seeds from the pulp
by means of their greater specific gravity; it is, indeed, much like a
gold washer, being a series of boxes or troughs through which a
current of water is made to flow; this carries the lighter portions
away from the seeds, the contents of the boxes being agitated from
time to time. At the close of the process, the clean seed is found in
the bottoms of the boxes, whence it is removed and carefully dried, by
putting it in an airy place, and stirring it frequently to prevent
mildew and fermentation. Well prepared seed is plump and bright, and
should feel cold to the hand. When the pips are broken, they should be
white and clear within; but the best test of their quality, is to
sprout a portion, and count the plants produced by a given number of
seeds.
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