11. How many drugs in addition to those prescribed by a physician have you or your family on hand at the present time? How many do you consider really necessary? Are any of these medicines used to remedy troubles that might be cured by sufficient attention to rest, exercise, diet, and fresh air? FOR FURTHER READING Health and Disease--Roger I. Lee, Chapter VI. How to Live--Fisher and Fisk, Supplementary Notes, Sections IV, V. Scientific Features of Modern Medicine--Frederic S. Lee, Chapters III, VIII. The Human Mechanism--Hough and Sedgwick, Chapter XX. The Conquest of Nerves--Courtney. Primitive Psychotherapy and Quackery--Lawrence, Chapters I-V. Nostrums and Quackery--American Medical Association. (See especially "Cancer Cures" and "Consumption Cures.") FOOTNOTES: [2] See "Nostrums and Quackery," p. 445. CHAPTER XI APPLICATION OF HEAT, COLD, AND COUNTER-IRRITANTS INFLAMMATION.--A process called inflammation sometimes occurs in tissues that have been injured or invaded by bacteria. Although painful, it is nevertheless one of the reparative processes of the body, and therefore beneficial. Common examples of inflammation are boils, sore throat, and the swollen, painful condition resulting from sprains and fractures. Characteristic symptoms of inflammation are heat, redness, swelling, and pain. When a tissue has been invaded by bacteria, nearby blood vessels dilate, thus bringing an increased supply of blood to the affected part. This extra supply serves to wash away the offending substance, and at the same time it brings more white blood corpuscles, one function of which is to destroy bacteria. From the increased supply of blood the affected part becomes red and hot, and so much blood may come that the vessels further on are unable to carry it away fast enough. Some of the fluid part of the blood is then forced out into the tissues, and the part becomes swollen. Distension of the tissues and pressure on the nerve endings cause pain, and the injured part now exhibits the characteristic symptoms of inflammation. [Illustration: FIG. 21.--"THE HISTORY OF A BOIL." This figure represents a cross-section of normal skin. Note the surface layer, or cuticle, and the "true skin," or cutis. In the cutis one sees that the blood capillaries are just wide enough for the blood-cells to pass through "in single file." The skin has just been pricked by a dirty pin. On the point of this pin were several poisonous germs which were deposited at _a_. (_From Emerson's "Essentials of Medicine."_)]