A Manual of Personal Hygiene--6th Edition, Edited by Walter L. Pyle. Four Epochs of a Woman's Life--Galbraith. Hygiene and Physical Culture for Women--Galbraith. The Home and Its Management--Kittredge. Exercise and Health--F. C. Smith, Supplement 24 to the Public Health Reports, Government Printing Office, Washington. The Sanitary Privy--Farmers' Bulletin 463, United States Department of Agriculture, Government Printing Office, Washington. Safe Disposal of Human Excreta at Unsewered Homes--Lumsden, Stiles and Freeman, Bulletin 68, Public Health Reports, Government Printing Office, Washington. The Disposal of Human Excreta and Sewage of the Country Home--New York State Department of Health, Albany. Milk and Its Relation to Public Health--Bulletin 56, Hygienic Laboratory, Government Printing Office, Washington. Milk and Its Relation to Health--New York State Department of Health, Albany. Other Publications of the United States Public Health Service and of the Departments of Health of the different states and cities. CHAPTER III BABIES AND THEIR CARE The principles of hygiene are fundamentally the same for young and old. The applications, however, differ at different ages. From the time when physical growth and development are complete until changes due to old age appear, an individual commonly has greater resistance than at other ages, and is able in consequence to endure unfavorable conditions of life with more success. Babies, on the other hand, are exceedingly sensitive to their environment. Surroundings that are even slightly unfavorable are likely to make babies sick. In order to remain healthy, they must have exactly the right kind of food, in the right quantities and at the right times; their sleep, exercise, and clothing must be carefully regulated; they must be protected from careless handling, from nervous strain, and above all, from the many kinds of infection to which they are peculiarly susceptible. The life of a baby fortunately can be controlled almost completely; when properly regulated it offers, therefore, an unequalled opportunity to see how hygienic principles work out in actual practice. The primitive mother's instinct to nourish and protect and succor her helpless child was the original form of nursing. Instinct alone, unfortunately, has never accomplished much in preserving health. The human race has now had an experience in the care of infants that extends over thousands of years. Yet today we are still, on the whole, less successful in keeping babies alive than we are in raising domestic animals; we still allow society to continue, like a modern Herod, in its ruthless career of slaughtering the innocents.