A free man marrying a free woman will have to give her father or family
two male and two female slaves, and neither brass rods nor barter goods
will be taken in lieu of them; but as there are so many debts among them
a person will sometimes (and it is not uncommon) pay this “marriage
money” and marry without a single slave actually passing between them;
i.e. B wants to marry A’s daughter, so he will go to C and D, who each
owe him a slave, and will take them to A, who accepts them as his
debtors; then B will go to E and F, who each owe him a female slave, and
these debtors of B will be taken to A, who accepts them as his own
debtors; now C, D, E, and F have no slaves they want to part with, so
they, in their turn, will look up some debtors and take them to A, who
will again accept these new parties as his own debtors. This was called
_bwaka nyungu_ = to pass on or throw over a debt (or credit as the case
may be) from one to another. I have known more than one case in which
the father of the girl has had the debt worked gradually back to
himself, and in giving his daughter in marriage he has received nothing,
but has paid some of his creditors.
When the time arrives for the marriage the parents take some plantain,
cassava, fish, with various other kinds of food, and a calabash or jar
of sugar-cane wine, and together with their daughter they go to the
house of the bridegroom and hand over the girl by putting her hand in
the man’s hand in the presence of witnesses. These latter, after
drinking the wine and sharing in the feast, will dance in honour of the
occasion, and the ceremony is completed. The food and wine, given by the
parents, are a proof that the girl is not sold as a slave, but is given
in marriage as a free woman.
During the time the man is collecting the marriage money he will build a
house, if he does not already possess one, and the girl, under the
supervision of her mother, will prepare a farm. After the ceremony
described above is over, the girl borrows all the finery she can of her
female friends, decorates herself with palm-oil and camwood powder, and
for two or three weeks walks about the town with her husband—a sign to
all that she is now his wife. If the man has already a few wives, they
will help to “dress her” by the loan of their own trinkets, and will
lead her about the town as a proof that she is now a fellow-wife and
belongs to their husband.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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