[44] During my residence in Formosa I personally saw instances of the most hideous cruelty on the part of the Japanese toward the Chinese-Formosans, and of barbaric torture, officially inflicted, as punishment for the most trivial offences (as later--in the spring of 1919--I saw the same thing in the other Japanese colony, Korea, on the part of the Japanese toward the gentle Koreans). But this is an aspect of Japanese colonization with which in this book I shall not deal. [45] The camphor “factories” established in the mountains--such as the one illustrated--for the extraction of crude camphor from the camphor wood are naturally of a primitive kind. The crude camphor is brought down to Taihoku to be refined. [46] This actually happened during my residence in Formosa, the Japanese boasting of the cleverness of the expedient, and ridiculing the aborigines for believing--as they did--that the aeroplane was a huge bird, and the bomb its poisonous excrement. [47] In connection with the care, especially the medical treatment, which Father Candidius gave to the native people, naturally many stories of miracles have grown up. PART II _MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF THE ABORIGINAL TRIBES_ CHAPTER V RACIAL STOCK Physical Appearance pointing to Indoneso-Malay Origin--Linguistic Evidence and Evidence of Handicraft--Tribal Divisions of the Aborigines--Moot Question as to the Existence of a Pigmy People in the Interior of the Island. While the aborigines are divided into a number of tribes, and are also grouped--by the Chinese--according to the “greenness” or “ripeness” of their barbarity, yet they may, collectively speaking, be regarded as belonging to the Indoneso-Malay stock, many tribes being strikingly similar in appearance to certain tribes in the Philippine Islands. Hamay, writing under the head of “Les Races Malaïques” in _L’Anthropologie_ for 1896, says that the aborigines of Formosa recalled to him the Igorotes of Northern Luzon (Philippines) as well as the Malays of Singapore.