The correct and only answer is that 11,616 ladies made proposals of
marriage. Here are all the details, which the reader can check for
himself with the original statements. Of 10,164 spinsters, 8,085 married
bachelors, 627 married widowers, 1,221 were declined by bachelors, and
231 declined by widowers. Of the 1,452 widows, 1,155 married bachelors,
and 297 married widowers. No widows were declined. The problem is not
difficult, by algebra, when once we have succeeded in correctly stating
it.
109.--THE GREAT SCRAMBLE.
The smallest number of sugar plums that will fulfil the conditions is
26,880. The five boys obtained respectively: Andrew, 2,863; Bob, 6,335;
Charlie, 2,438; David, 10,294; Edgar, 4,950. There is a little trap
concealed in the words near the end, "one-fifth of the same," that seems
at first sight to upset the whole account of the affair. But a little
thought will show that the words could only mean "one-fifth of
five-eighths", the fraction last mentioned--that is, one-eighth of the
three-quarters that Bob and Andrew had last acquired.
110.--THE ABBOT'S PUZZLE.
The only answer is that there were 5 men, 25 women, and 70 children.
There were thus 100 persons in all, 5 times as many women as men, and as
the men would together receive 15 bushels, the women 50 bushels, and the
children 35 bushels, exactly 100 bushels would be distributed.
111.--REAPING THE CORN.
The whole field must have contained 46.626 square rods. The side of the
central square, left by the farmer, is 4.8284 rods, so it contains
23.313 square rods. The area of the field was thus something more than a
quarter of an acre and less than one-third; to be more precise, .2914 of
an acre.
112.--A PUZZLING LEGACY.
As the share of Charles falls in through his death, we have merely to
divide the whole hundred acres between Alfred and Benjamin in the
proportion of one-third to one-fourth--that is in the proportion of
four-twelfths to three-twelfths, which is the same as four to three.
Therefore Alfred takes four-sevenths of the hundred acres and Benjamin
three-sevenths.
113.--THE TORN NUMBER.
The other number that answers all the requirements of the puzzle is
9,801. If we divide this in the middle into two numbers and add them
together we get 99, which, multiplied by itself, produces 9,801. It is
true that 2,025 may be treated in the same way, only this number is
excluded by the condition which requires that no two figures should be
alike.
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