There are a good many equally correct answers to this question. Here is
one of them:
A 6 x 12 = 72
B 12 x 3 = 36
C 17 x 1 = 17
D 120 x 1/2 = 60
E 45 x 1/3 = 15
___ ___
200 200
The puzzle is to discover exactly how many different answers there are,
it being understood that every man had something and that there is to be
no fractional money--only doubloons in every case.
This problem, worded somewhat differently, was propounded by Tartaglia
(died 1559), and he flattered himself that he had found one solution;
but a French mathematician of note (M.A. Labosne), in a recent work,
says that his readers will be astonished when he assures them that there
are 6,639 different correct answers to the question. Is this so? How
many answers are there?
134.--THE BANKER'S PUZZLE.
A banker had a sporting customer who was always anxious to wager on
anything. Hoping to cure him of his bad habit, he proposed as a wager
that the customer would not be able to divide up the contents of a box
containing only sixpences into an exact number of equal piles of
sixpences. The banker was first to put in one or more sixpences (as many
as he liked); then the customer was to put in one or more (but in his
case not more than a pound in value), neither knowing what the other put
in. Lastly, the customer was to transfer from the banker's counter to
the box as many sixpences as the banker desired him to put in. The
puzzle is to find how many sixpences the banker should first put in and
how many he should ask the customer to transfer, so that he may have the
best chance of winning.
135.--THE STONEMASON'S PROBLEM.
A stonemason once had a large number of cubic blocks of stone in his
yard, all of exactly the same size. He had some very fanciful little
ways, and one of his queer notions was to keep these blocks piled in
cubical heaps, no two heaps containing the same number of blocks. He had
discovered for himself (a fact that is well known to mathematicians)
that if he took all the blocks contained in any number of heaps in
regular order, beginning with the single cube, he could always arrange
those on the ground so as to form a perfect square. This will be clear
to the reader, because one block is a square, 1 + 8 = 9 is a square, 1 +
8 + 27 = 36 is a square, 1 + 8 + 27 + 64 = 100 is a square, and so on.
In fact, the sum of any number of consecutive cubes, beginning always
with 1, is in every case a square number.
One day a gentleman entered the mason's yard and offered him a certain
price if he would supply him with a consecutive number of these cubical
heaps which should contain altogether a number of blocks that could be
laid out to form a square, but the buyer insisted on more than three
heaps and _declined to take the single block_ because it contained a
flaw. What was the smallest possible number of blocks of stone that the
mason had to supply?
136.--THE SULTAN'S ARMY.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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