Another ideal that the puzzle maker always keeps in mind is to contrive
that there shall, if possible, be only one correct solution. Thus, in
the case of the first puzzle, if we only require that a Greek cross
shall be cut into four pieces to form a square, there is, as I have
shown, an infinite number of different solutions. It makes a better
puzzle to add the condition that all the four pieces shall be of the
same size and shape, because it can then be solved in only one way, as
in Figs. 8 and 9. In this way, too, a puzzle that is too easy to be
interesting may be improved by such an addition. Let us take an example.
We have seen in Fig. 28 that Fig. 33 can be cut into two pieces to form
a Greek cross. I suppose an intelligent child would do it in five
minutes. But suppose we say that the puzzle has to be solved with a
piece of wood that has a bad knot in the position shown in Fig. 33--a
knot that we must not attempt to cut through--then a solution in two
pieces is barred out, and it becomes a more interesting puzzle to solve
it in three pieces. I have shown in Figs. 33 and 34 one way of doing
this, and it will be found entertaining to discover other ways of doing
it. Of course I could bar out all these other ways by introducing more
knots, and so reduce the puzzle to a single solution, but it would then
be overloaded with conditions.
And this brings us to another point in seeking the ideal. Do not
overload your conditions, or you will make your puzzle too complex to be
interesting. The simpler the conditions of a puzzle are, the better. The
solution may be as complex and difficult as you like, or as happens, but
the conditions ought to be easily understood, or people will not attempt
a solution.
If the reader were now asked "to cut a half-square into as few pieces as
possible to form a Greek cross," he would probably produce our solution,
Figs. 31-32, and confidently claim that he had solved the puzzle
correctly. In this way he would be wrong, because it is not now stated
that the square is to be divided diagonally. Although we should always
observe the exact conditions of a puzzle we must not read into it
conditions that are not there. Many puzzles are based entirely on the
tendency that people have to do this.
The very first essential in solving a puzzle is to be sure that you
understand the exact conditions. Now, if you divided your square in half
so as to produce Fig. 35 it is possible to cut it into as few as three
pieces to form a Greek cross. We thus save a piece.
I give another puzzle in Fig. 36. The dotted lines are added merely to
show the correct proportions of the figure--a square of 25 cells with
the four corner cells cut out. The puzzle is to cut this figure into
five pieces that will form a Greek cross (entire) and a square.
[Illustration: FIG. 35.]
[Illustration: FIG. 36.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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