Afterwards _Calimachus_ an _Athenian_, embellished the Capitals of the Pillars, adding to them more Beautiful _Volutes_ or _Scrowls_, and more in number, enriching them with the Leaves of _Brank Ursine_ and Roses. It's said, That this Capital, which, according to _Vitruvius_, makes all the Distinction betwixt the _Corinthian_ and _Ionick_ Order, was invented by this ingenious Artisan upon this occasion. Having seen the Leaves of the above-mentioned Plant grow round about a Basket which was set upon the Tomb of a Young _Corinthian_ Lady, and which, as it happened, was set upon the middle of the Plant. He represented the Basket by the _Tambour_ or _Vase_ of the Capital, to which he made an _Abacus_ to imitate the Tile with which the Basket was covered, and that he represented the Stalks of the Herb by the _Volutes_ or _Scrowls_, which were ever after placed upon the _Corinthian_ Capital. See Table the IXth. This great Artist likewise invented other Ornaments, as those we call _Eggs_, because of the _Ovals_ in the _Relief_ which are in the Mouldings of the _Corniches_ and are like _Eggs_. The Ancients called this Ornament _Echinus_, which signifies the sharp prickly shell of Chestnuts, because they found these Ovals represented a Chestnut half open, as it is when it's ripe. [Sidenote: _Lib. 3. Chap. 2._] He likewise makes mention of another Famous Author, who found out the proportion of all the Parts of a Fabrick, which was _Hermogenes_; to whom he attributes the Invention of the _Eustyle_, _Pseudodiptere_, and of all that is beautiful and excellent in Architecture. ART. II. _What Architecture is._ [Sidenote: _Lib. 1. Chap. 1._] Architecture is a Science which ought to be accompanied with the Knowledge of a great many other Arts and Sciences, by which means it forms a correct Judgment of all the Works of other Arts that appertain to it. This Science is acquired by _Theory_ and _Practice_. The _Theory_ of _Architecture_ is that Knowledge of this Art which is acquired by study, travelling and discourse. The Practick is that knowledge that is acquired by the Actual Building of great Fabricks. These Two Parts are so necessary, that never any came to any great Perfection without them both. The one being lame and imperfect without the other, so they must walk hand in hand. Besides, the Knowledge of things that particularly belong to Architecture, there are infinite other things that are necessary to be known by an Architect. For, First, it's necessary that he be able to couch in writing his intended Building, and to design the Plan, and make an excellent Model of it. Geometry likewise is very necessary for him in many occasions. He must also know Arithmetick to make a true Calculation.