An account of a useful discovery to distill double the usual quantity of sea-water, by blowing showers of air up through the distilling liquor : $b and an account of the great benefit of ventilators in many instances, in preserving the health and lives of people, in slave and other transport ships ... also an account of the good effect of blowing showers of air up through milk, thereby to cure the ill taste which is occasioned by some kinds of food of cows.Hales, Stephen
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An account of a useful discovery to distill double the usual quantity of sea-water, by blowing showers of air up through the distilling liquor : $b and an account of the great benefit of ventilators in many instances, in preserving the health and lives of people, in slave and other transport ships ... also an account of the good effect of blowing showers of air up through milk, thereby to cure the ill taste which is occasioned by some kinds of food of cows.
Hales, Stephen
Seawater -- Distillation; Ships -- Heating and ventilation
57. I have not as yet had an Opportunity, to try to cure, in the same
Manner, the ill Taste of Milk, which is occasioned by Cows feeding on
autumnal Leaves, or Turnips, they having probably eaten this Autumn,
the fewer Leaves, on account of the Plenty of Grass, occasioned by much
Rain; which has also hitherto prevented Turnips from being rancid,
which are observed to be most so, when they shoot out in the Spring. As
Opportunities offer I purpose to make Trials, which I conclude others
will also do, which will probably be attended with the same good
Effects as that on the Cabbage Milk.
58. But tho’ the ill Taste of Milk from feeding on Cabbage Leaves, was
thus effectually cured by volatilizing with Heat, and dissipating by
Ventilation the rancid Oil; yet the bitter Taste of a strong Infusion
of Chamomel Flowers in six Quarts of Water, was not sensibly abated by
an Hour’s Ventilation of it, while scalding hot.
59. I am informed that, in _Devonshire_, they set the Pans of Milk
on Trivets, making Fires under them, to give the Milk, gently and
gradually a scalding, but not a boiling Heat, which would disturb the
rising Cream; and then set it on the Floor in the Milk-house to cool,
where in twelve Hours it has a thick Scum, partly Butter and partly
Cream: The skimmed Milk is very thin and sheer; and the Cream in great
Plenty and delicious, except it gets a smoky Taste, which it is apt
to do; and which might probably be prevented, by having a Range of as
many Stoves, as there are Pans of Milk to be used at one Time; all to
be warmed by one Fire, either at one end, or the middle of the Flue or
Funnel in the Brick-work, which conveys the Smoke and Heat under the
Stoves. And as the Pans nearest to the Fire will soonest have their due
Heat, on their Removal to bring the farthest and coolest Pans nearest
the Fire; and instantly covering the uncovered Stoves with proper
Covers to prevent the Heat and Smoke from coming out; by this Means the
Milk would all be soon heated, with any kind of Fuel, and that with
much less in Quantity than in the common Way.
60. And the more effectually to prevent the Smoke from coming at the
Milk, it may be well to have the broad outer Rim of the Pans turned
perpendicularly downwards, three or four Inches, that it may enter deep
into a circular Groove of Sand; and if it shall be needful the Sand
may be wetted in order the more effectually to prevent the Passage of
the Smoke: I thought of this Method about fifty Years since on tasting
the smoky Butter in _Somersetshire_. By the same Means the Poor might
save much Fuel in boiling the Pot, especially in Summer, when a Fire is
wanted only for boiling the Pot.
61. When any Pans are to be removed from the Stoves, the Ascent of the
Smoke thro’ the uncovered Stove, may be prevented by first closing the
Flue near the Fire, by an Iron Sliding-shutter or Register.
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