An account of a useful discovery to distill double the usual quantity of sea-water, by blowing showers of air up through the distilling liquor : $b and an account of the great benefit of ventilators in many instances, in preserving the health and lives of people, in slave and other transport ships ... also an account of the good effect of blowing showers of air up through milk, thereby to cure the ill taste which is occasioned by some kinds of food of cows.Hales, Stephen
History
An account of a useful discovery to distill double the usual quantity of sea-water, by blowing showers of air up through the distilling liquor : $b and an account of the great benefit of ventilators in many instances, in preserving the health and lives of people, in slave and other transport ships ... also an account of the good effect of blowing showers of air up through milk, thereby to cure the ill taste which is occasioned by some kinds of food of cows.
Hales, Stephen
Seawater -- Distillation; Ships -- Heating and ventilation
85. As to the curing the ill Taste of Milk from the Food of Cows; and
also curing musty Liquors, I made the following Trials, _viz._ When in
the Beginning of _March_ the Turnips had made large Shoots, and were
thereby become very rancid, two Cows being fed with Turnips only for
seven Days, their Milk had a very disagreeable Smell and Taste. On
ventilating it scalding hot, with ascending Showers of Air, at first
the ill Smell increased, but in two Minutes that Smell was much abated;
and with five Minutes Ventilation, there was only the common Smell
of good Milk; which shows that the rancid Oil of Turnips, which gives
the ill Taste, is very volatile: After ten Minutes Ventilation, there
was no ill Taste or Smell; and it was the same after 15 and 30 Minutes
Ventilation. By this means therefore the ill Taste of Milk from some
Food of Cows, may easily be cured. Experience will show what Degrees of
Ventilation will be requisite for larger Quantities of Milk; as also
for curing the ill Tastes from different Kinds of Food; as also from
the shorter and longer Times of feeding on such Foods. It is observable
that the Breath of these Cows was disagreeable; whence we see how
freely contagious Infections may be conveyed through the Lungs, from
tainted putrescent Blood.
86. A Cow having been fed for sixty Hours with a good Quantity of Crow
Garlick, mixed with cut Grass, towards the end of _June_, the Milk
had a very disagreeable Smell and Taste; which was not cured, though
something better, after 30 Minutes Ventilation, while scalding hot. I
repeated the same Ventilations for 15 Minutes, with the two following
Evening and Morning Milks of the same Cow, _viz._ 12 and 24 Hours after
the Cow had left off eating _Crow-Garlick_; at which times the ill
Taste and Smell was sensibly abated before Ventilation, and something
more after it, yet was far from being cured. Hence we see that the ill
Taste and Smell of the _Crow-Garlick_ Milk, cannot thus be cured, tho’
somewhat amended. The ill Taste of this Cow’s Milk continued for about
five Days after she had left off eating of the _Crow-Garlick_. And
perhaps where Cows have eaten but a small Quantity of it, the Abatement
of the ill Taste may be so considerable, as to recompence the Trouble
of ventilating it. As Opportunities offer, I will make the like Trials,
with other ill-tasted Milks, such as that from autumnal Leaves, _&c._
and hope that others will do the like.
87. Cream or Milk Sillabubs may most commodiously and easily be made in
Plenty, in a few Minutes, by means of a small Tin Air-box, three Inches
in diameter, and three quarters of an Inch deep; the flat Bottom of the
Pot, which contains the Cream or Milk, to be but little wider than the
Air-box, that the Air from the Box may the better come at it: But the
wider and deeper the upper Part of the Pot is, so much the better, for
the Froth expands much.
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