The Abiponian tongue might not improperly be called the language of circumstances, for it affixes various particles to words to denote the various situations of the subject of discourse: either _hegem_, above; _añi_, below; _aigìt_, around; _hagam_, in the water; _óuge_, out of doors; _alge_, or _elge_, on the surface, &c. The thing will be made plainer by examples: we use the same word _is_ when we say, God _is_ in heaven, _is_ on earth, _is_ in the water, _is_ every where. The Abipones always add some new particle to the verb, to indicate situation, thus: _Dios menetahegem ken hipigèm_, God dwells above in heaven: _menetañi ken aàloà_, dwells below in the earth: _meñetahàgàm ken enařap_, dwells in the water, &c. Here the particles _añi_, _hegem_, and _haganì_ are affixed to the verb _ménetá_. But now attend to something else. How great is the variation of the verb to follow[2]! I follow a person coming, _Hauíretaigìt_. I follow one departing, _Hauiraà_. I follow with my hand what is beneath me, _Hauirañì_, what is above me, _Hauirihegeméege_. I do not follow with my eyes, _Chit heonáage_. I do not follow with my understanding, (I do not comprehend,) _Chig ñetunêtaigìt_. I follow, I hit with an arrow, _Ñaten_. Some going out follow others, _Yáueráatà_, or _Yauirétapegetà_, I have followed, or perceived what another meditates or purposes in his mind, _La hâui larenatřanřek lauel_. I have followed or obtained what I desired, _La hâuì eka kan ahelřanřat kiñi_. Hear other examples: I fear, _Rietachà_. I fear water, _Rietachahagam_. It lightens, _Rkáhagelk_. It lightens afar off, _Rkáhagelkátaigìt_. It shines, _Richàk_. It shines on the surface, _Richákatalgè_. The brightness spreads wide, _Richakataugè_. I open the door towards the street, _Hehòtouge lahàm_. I open the door towards the window, _Hehòtoà lahàm_. If I should open two doors at the same time, _Hehòtetelgè lahàm_. Shut the door, _Apëëgi lahàm_. I die, _Riigà_. I am dying, _Riigarari_, I die of suffocation, _Riigarañi_, &c. &c. Footnote 2: _Assequor._ We now come to speak of other particles, the use of which is very frequent amongst the Abipones. They prefix _là_, now, to almost all words. Now the old woman weeps, _Là reòkatarì cachergayè_. Now I am terrified, _Là rielk_. Now I drink, _Là nañam_. _Tapek_, or _Tari_, annexed to the last syllable of a verb, denote an action which is undertaken now: _Hakiriogřan_, I plough land. _Hakiriogřanetapek_, now, whilst I speak, I am ploughing. _Haoachin_, I am sick. _Haoachinetari_, I am sick at this very time. _Kachit_, I make. _Ařaiřaik ahëpegak_, a tame horse. _Ařaiřaikachit ahëpegak_, I make a horse tame. _Riélk_, I fear. _Riélkachìt nihìrenàk_, a tiger put me in fear. _Ayerhègemegè_, a high thing. _Ayercachihègemegè_, I make a thing high, I put it in a high place.