Although the Guaranies and many other people of America have none but post-positions in their language, the Abipones use prepositions likewise. Thus the Guaranies, in making the sign of the cross, say: _Tuba haè layřa, hae Espiritu Santo rera pĭpe_. Amen. In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Amen. For _pĭpe_ means _in_, and _rera name_ with them. The Abipones, on the contrary, say: _Men lakalátoèt Netà, kat Náitařat, kachka Espiritu Santo_. Amen. In the name of the Father, and of the Son, &c. _Men_ signifying _in_, and _lakalátoèt_, a _name_. _Men_, _mek_, _kèn_, or _en kerà_, signifies _in_ or _at_, either with or without motion. _Men aaloa_, _men hipigem_, in the earth, in heaven. _Lahik ken nepàrk_, now I go to the plain. _Là rihi mek Kaáma loetà_, now I remove to the lands of the Spaniards. They are unacquainted with the preposition _with_ which denotes society: they would express the sentence, I will go with thee, in this manner: _Grahauitapekam_, I will accompany thee: or thus, _Là me? Clachkehin_, wilt thou go away? I also. The Lord with thee: _Dios Gnoakàra hiñitařoat_; The Lord is associated with thee. _Haraà_ is a preposition signifying the instrument with which a thing is done. _Yóale yahámat nihirenak naraà lohélete_: The Indian killed the tiger with a spear. _Yágàm_ means, as, or like, _Roahà ỳágàm netegink_: He attacks like a dog. Adjectives themselves are generally used instead of adverbs; both, according as they relate to past, or future, are variously inflected, like verbs: thus, _ariaik_ and _neèn_ signify both good and well. _Kemen ariaik kàn!_ how good, or how well he was. _Kàn_ is the sign of the past tense. _Ariaekam_, it will be good or well. _Am_ is the sign of the future, and _kitè_ means now. _Kitekàn_, it was now. _Kitàm_, it shall be now presently. If you wish to enquire about a thing past, you must say: _hegmalagè_, when? If about a future thing, _hegmalkàm_. For the past, they will answer, _nehegetoè_, long since; _hákekemàt_, now, at this point of time; _chigahák_, not yet; _kitnéoga_, to day; _kitnénegin_, or _kitnehaól_, this night; _gnaàma_, yesterday. For the future, _amà_, _amlayeřge_, _chitlkihe_, after a long interval of time; _amlà_, afterwards; _am richigni_, to morrow; _amékére láhaua_, the day after to-morrow; _am náama_, in the evening. _And_ is expressed by _Rachka_, _Rack_, or _Rat_, according to the letters that follow. All universally call no, _ynà_: but yes is expressed variously, according to the age and sex of the speaker. Men and youths say, _héé_; all women, _hàà_. Old men affirm by a loud snort, which can only be expressed _vivâ voce_, though you could not do it easily and clearly without danger of hoarseness. The louder the snort the stronger the affirmation.