The treatment of a deciduous plant infested by Coccids is simple as to its method. For two reasons the dead winter-time must be chosen for it--first, because, the leaves being off, the whole plant can be easily got at; secondly, because the eggs of the insect have not yet been hatched, and the whole brood can be destroyed at once. The first operation should be the pruning of the tree, so as to reduce the labour required to a minimum. A brushing over all the trunk and branches with a good hard stiff brush and one of the liquid remedies given below is then often successful. Brushing with a _dry_ brush is adopted by some persons; but, although this doubtless clears away a good many insects and scales, and may do the tree itself some good by cleaning off fungus-growths and incrustations, yet it necessarily fails to destroy all the eggs, and in consequence the work is only half done. _Any one who wishes to extirpate Coccids must make certain that he has destroyed the eggs_--a fact which is quite ignored by numbers of those who glibly talk of their own success, and blame the advice of others. The object being, therefore, twofold, the operation should be performed with a hard, stiff brush dipped in one of the fluids recommended below; and care should be taken that there is no part of the trunk or branches escaping untouched. In fact, what should be aimed at is a kind of painting of the tree, but with a thin coating of the fluid, so as to close the pores as little as may be; while at the same time the brush clears away as many as possible of the "scales" and their enclosed broods of insects and eggs. Bearing in mind what has been said just now of the want of _certainty_ in any remedy whatsoever, the tree-grower who follows these directions will most likely find his work successful and his deciduous plants cleaned of "scale" on the bark. A second method may be adopted--namely, the painting-over of the trunk and branches, without attempting to forcibly detach any "scales" with the brush. This, _properly performed and with proper fluids_, is likely to be just as efficacious as the other, for the fluid should "run in" under the scales, surround the eggs, and prevent them from hatching. It gives less trouble than the hard brushing, and is equally destructive to the Coccids. It has, however, of course, not the same cleaning effect upon fungoid growths or incrustations impeding the free "respiration" of the plant. For deciduous trees, then, such as apple- or pear-trees in an orchard, the simple remedy is severe pruning at the dead of winter, and the coating of the trees with a destructive fluid, laid on with a brush _on every part_, preferably with a hard brush vigorously used, but leaving a thin coat of the fluid on the bark. _It must be thoroughly understood that, a week or two after the first application, the "scales" left on the tree should be examined, and, if the eggs are not killed, a second coating of the fluid should be applied._