An Account of the Late Improvements in Galvanism: With a Series of Curious and Interesting Experiments Performed Before the Commissioners of the French National Institute, and Repeated Lately in the Anatomical Theatres of LondonAldini, Giovanni
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An Account of the Late Improvements in Galvanism: With a Series of Curious and Interesting Experiments Performed Before the Commissioners of the French National Institute, and Repeated Lately in the Anatomical Theatres of London
Aldini, Giovanni
Electricity -- Early works to 1850
The experiments made at the Lake of Geneva by Mr. de Luc and his
brother, and those made in England on the banks of the Thames, by
which it has been proved that common electricity is susceptible of
transmission through a considerable space of water, induced me to try
some analogous experiments in regard to Galvanism by endeavouring to
make it traverse a certain extent of sea.
Some philosophers, to whom I communicated this project, seemed to
entertain doubts on the subject, as they conceived that a considerable
extent of sea water might perhaps destroy or impede the action of the
Galvanic fluid. My late passage at Calais afforded me an opportunity
of removing all these doubts by an experiment which was attended with
complete success.
M. Sept-Fontaines, distinguished by his philosophical knowledge, was
desirous of assisting me in my proposed researches; M. Cheely, chemist
of the military hospital, prepared the necessary instruments; and M.
Debaudre, the port engineer, conducted the arrangement of the Galvanic
arcs.
On the 27th of February, the sky being serene, and the sea calm, every
thing seemed to be favourable for the experiment. A gentle south-west
wind prevailed at the time; the temperature of the water of the sea
was 47·4° of Fahrenheit, that of the atmosphere 49·4°, and the
barometer stood at 30·37 inches.
Fort Rouge and the West Mole afforded me two fixed points proper for
my purpose. A Galvanic pile consisting of eighty plates of silver and
zinc was constructed on the West Mole on an insulated stool, and the
animals destined to be exposed to the Galvanic action were placed at
Fort Rouge. The Galvanic chain was composed of the arm of the sea
which separates Fort Rouge from the Western Mole, and of three wires
disposed in the following manner.
The first wire proceeded from the base of the pile, and, being
supported by an insulator, fell vertically into the sea to the depth
of about three fathoms.
The second wire, insulated in the same manner, proceeded from the
summit of the pile, and was conveyed in a horizontal direction at the
height of from six to nine feet above the surface of the sea, as far
as the platform of Fort Rouge.
A third wire, also insulated, and placed at one corner of the
platform, descended perpendicularly into the sea in the same manner as
the first.
When this arrangement was made, if a person on the platform touched
the extremities of the second and third wires, and thus completed the
Galvanic circle, he always experienced a shock; and when animals
recently killed were substituted in the room of the person, they were
thrown into strong convulsions. We therefore concluded that the
portion of sea water between the pile and the animal subjected to its
action formed a part of the Galvanic circle: such was the consequence
we thought ourselves authorised to deduce from this experiment. The
breadth of the water was about 200 feet.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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