An Account of the Late Improvements in Galvanism: With a Series of Curious and Interesting Experiments Performed Before the Commissioners of the French National Institute, and Repeated Lately in the Anatomical Theatres of LondonAldini, Giovanni
Science
An Account of the Late Improvements in Galvanism: With a Series of Curious and Interesting Experiments Performed Before the Commissioners of the French National Institute, and Repeated Lately in the Anatomical Theatres of London
Aldini, Giovanni
Electricity -- Early works to 1850
XXII. But if the diversity in the structure of animal bodies require
that the force and power of the animal electricity, collected in the
corresponding muscles, should be different, a singular agreement will
appear between the phænomena of the Leyden flask and those of animal
electricity. If an insulated person touch two flasks containing equal
quantities of electricity, however great, he will experience no shock;
but if one of the flasks contain a greater charge than the other, he
will receive a shock according to the ratio of the difference of the
electricity of the flasks. Though the frogs therefore represent two
Leyden flasks, one of them may act the part of an arc, and produce an
equilibrium, provided it be allowed that there is a difference between
the quantities of the electricities collected. I have here endeavoured
to establish the proposed analogy, not because I suppose the muscles
to be so many Leyden flasks, such as they are exhibited to us by the
ingenuity of philosophers, but in order to show that many phænomena
are common to both; nor have I applied animal electricity to explain
all the phænomena of muscular motion, with a view of obtaining
applause from those who are zealous advocates for this theory. I must
also observe, that if in the prosecution of this object I have met
with any anomalies, I do not on that account despise the agreement of
the laws of philosophy which have been established by so much labour.
Several of the phænomena observed by Galvani and others have served me
as a foundation for the proposed analogy, and induced me to extend, if
possible, its boundaries. But going back to the origin of animal
electricity, since it belongs to the subject, I shall here take a
general view of the whole, and express the substance of it in a few
corollaries.
XXIII. The corollaries I propose will follow the order of time in
which they arose, and therefore will express the gradual improvement
of animal electricity.
1. Animal electricity passes freely through bodies which possess
nearly the same degree of conducting power, but it does not pass
through non-conducting bodies.
2. It is affected by the obstacles which occur, not only in
non-conducting but in conducting bodies, as well as by their
varieties; and if these obstacles be numerous, its passage is stopped:
but if it be possible to overcome them, the impediment causes it to
make a more powerful effort to attain to a state of equilibrium.
Hence, unlike armatures and arcs are of great effect in exciting a
moderate degree of electricity, when the same electricity resists the
power of a homogeneous metal.
3. Animal electricity obeys the law of equilibrium; for, when the
muscles have been brought to a state of equilibrium with the
corresponding nerves, no contractions are produced by the application
of an arc; but if that which produces the equilibrium be removed, the
contractions immediately take place.
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