The second class may be called the new school Calvinists, embracing Congregational and New School Presbyterian churches. These are ably represented in New England by the Andover and New Haven Theological Seminaries and their respective quarterlies; and out of New England, by the Theological Seminaries of Union and Lane, and their quarterly at Philadelphia. The third class are the Arminian sects, including the Methodists and Episcopalians, whose views are ably presented in their quarterlies and other periodicals in New York and Philadelphia. In what does the depraved nature transmitted from Adam consist? In seeking a definite and clear answer to the question, what is the depraved nature transmitted from Adam, we find so much vagueness and mistiness, that it will be needful to state first what it _is not_, and then it will be more easy to approximate to the affirmative reply. We find, then, that theologians teach that this depraved nature does not consist in any of those constitutional powers and faculties of mind, of which God is the author. For they maintain that all that God has made is perfect and right, and that he is not the creator of that which is the cause or origin of sin, inasmuch as this would make him “the author of sin,” which they expressly deny. This depraved nature, then, is something which God did not create. This is what is affirmed when theologians say that they do not teach a “physical depravity” which demands “physical regeneration” on the part of God. Then on the positive side, we find that this depraved nature is something that mind can be created without, for God made the angels and Adam without it. It is something which does not prevent sinful action, for Adam sinned before it existed. It is something which God can at any time remedy, at least to some extent, by regeneration. It is something which makes every moral act of every human being sin and only sin until regeneration takes place. It is something which man created himself, either _in_ Adam, or _by_ Adam, or _before_ Adam. It is something which man never can or never will rectify, so that he is entirely dependent on God for the remedy. It is something which most theologians describe as “a bias,” or “a tendency,” or “a propensity,” or “an inclination,” or “a proclivity” _to sin_, while its opposite is called _a holy nature_ which was created by God, and which consists in a bias, tendency, propensity, inclination or proclivity to holiness. According to this, God created the holy nature of angels and our first parents, and _man_ caused the depraved nature of all of Adam’s posterity.