_Ceratopogon antipodum_, n.s. (Plate IV., fig. 4, 4a larva, 4b pupa). Very plentiful in the forest throughout the year, often enlivening the winter sunshine by its merry gambols. The larva (Fig. 4a), is found under the bark of newly fallen trees, feeding on the sap which exudes in large quantities from the logs whilst drying. When first discovered it often has a curiously spangled appearance, owing to the minute beads of moisture retained by numerous bristles clothing the larva. When about to change, these insects assemble in large companies of thirty or forty, firmly affixing their basal segments to the wood, their heads all pointing inwards and forming a small circle. In some cases, where an unusually large gathering has occurred, a number arrange themselves into an outer row, their heads being immediately behind the extremities of the inner group, the whole thus bearing a rough likeness to the radiations of a star-fish. The pupa is very short, and is furnished with two clubbed horns on the thorax for respiration. Its abdominal portions are retained within the old larval skin, thus keeping it firmly anchored to the log. The perfect insect emerges from a rent in the thorax of the pupa, groups of exuviæ being of common occurrence under the bark. The sexes differ considerably, the individual figured {46}(Fig. 4) being a male; the female is slightly larger, and much more stoutly built; her antennæ are filiform[8], and the limbs generally shorter. Both are equally common, but the male is more often noticed, owing to his greater activity. Family TIPULIDÆ. _Psychoda conspicillata_ (Plate IV., fig. 6). A common species, occurring plentifully on window panes during August, and bearing a great superficial resemblance to a small moth of the Tineina group, often deceiving the novice in consequence. It is a beautiful object for the microscope, the figure being a careful drawing of the insect, seen with a power of about ten diameters. I regret to say that its transformations are at present unknown. Family TIPULIDÆ. _Mycetophila antarctica_, n.s. (Plate IV., fig. 5, 5a larva, 5b pupa).