1. Comedians are they who represented by song and gesture the doings of men in private life, and in their plays set forth the defilement of maidens and the love affairs of harlots. Chapter 59. On the execration of these. 1. These spectacles of cruelty and this gazing upon vanities were established not only by the fault of men but by the command of demons. Wherefore a Christian ought to have nothing to do with the madness of the circus, with the shamelessness of the theatre, with the cruelty of the amphitheatre, with the atrocity of the arena, with the luxury of the _ludus_. For he denies God who ventures on such things, becoming a violator of the Christian faith—he who seeks afresh that which he long before renounced in baptism, that is, the devil, his parades and his works. BOOK XIX ON SHIPS, BUILDINGS, AND GARMENTS[365] [365] At this point in his work Isidore turns from the ‘sciences’ to the useful arts. ANALYSIS I. Ships[366] (chs. 1–6). 1. Seamen (ch. 1, 3–7). 2. Kinds of ships (ch. 1, 8–27). 3. Parts of ships (ch. 2). 4. Sails (ch. 3). 5. Ropes (ch. 4). 6. Nets (ch. 5). II. Furnaces of smiths (ch. 6). 1. Tools of smiths (ch. 7). III. Buildings (chs. 8–18). 1. Construction (ch. 10). 2. Adornment (chs. 11–17). 3. Tools for building (ch. 18). IV. Workers in wood (ch. 19). V. Garments (chs. 20–29). 1. Weaving (ch. 20). 2. The dress of a priest under the law (ch. 21). 3. The names of other articles of clothing (ch. 22). 4. Peculiar costumes of certain peoples (ch. 23). 5. Men’s garments (ch. 24). 6. Women’s garments (ch. 25). 7. Bedding, tablecloths, and so forth (ch. 26). 8. Wools (ch. 27). 9. Colors of garments (ch. 28). 10. Instruments for making cloth (ch. 29). VI. Ornaments (chs. 30–32). 1. Head ornaments for women (ch. 31). 2. Rings (ch. 32). VII. Girdles (ch. 33). VIII. Footwear (ch. 34). [366] For a similar subject and treatment, compare _De Genere Navigiorum_, in Nonius Marcellus’s encyclopedia. See p. 43. BOOK XX ON PROVISIONS AND UTENSILS OF THE HOUSEHOLD AND THE FIELDS ANALYSIS I. Tables (ch. 1). II. Food (ch. 2). III. Drink (ch. 3). IV. Dishes. 1. For food (ch. 4). 2. For drink (ch. 5). 3. For wine and water (ch. 6). 4. For oil (ch. 7). V. Cooking utensils (ch. 8). VI. Receptacles (ch. 9). VII. Lamps (ch. 10). VIII. Beds and seats (ch. 11). IX. Vehicles (ch. 12). X. Other utensils (ch. 13). XI. Tools for the country (ch. 14). XII. Tools for the garden (ch. 15). XIII. Horse trappings (ch. 16). APPENDIX I [ISIDORE’S USE OF THE WORD _TERRA_]