An enquiry concerning the principles of natural knowledgeWhitehead, Alfred North
Philosophy
An enquiry concerning the principles of natural knowledge
Whitehead, Alfred North
Knowledge, Theory of; Science -- Philosophy; Space and time
There are also stray rhythms which pass over the face of nature
utilising physical objects as mere transient vehicles for their
expression. To some extent this is the case in living bodies, which
exhibit a continual assimilation and rejection of material. But the
subtlety of rhythm appears to require a certain stability of material.
64.91 Thus the permanence of the individual rhythm within nature
is not absolutely associated with one definite set of material objects.
But the connection for subtler rhythms is very close. So far as direct
observation is concerned all that we know of the essential relations of
life in nature is stated in two short poetic phrases. The obvious aspect
by Tennyson,
"Blow, bugle, blow, set the wild echoes flying,
And answer, echoes, answer, dying, dying, dying."
Namely, Bergson's élan vital and its relapse into matter.
And Wordsworth with more depth,
"The music in my heart I bore,
Long after it was heard no more."
NOTES
Note I. The whole of Part II, i.e. Chapters V to VII, suffers from
a vagueness of expression due to the fact that the implications of my
ideas had not shaped themselves with sufficient emphasis in my mind. In
the first place every entity is an abstraction and presupposes certain
systematic types of relatedness to other things. There is no such thing
as an entity which could be real on its own, though it happens to be
related to other things. Again the development of these chapters
presupposes that philosophy, even modern philosophy, has been unduly
influenced by the Aristotelian categories, in particular those of
substance, quantity, quality, despite the criticism to which these
categories have been subjected. A detailed analysis of the complex
notions which are concealed in the terms quantity and quality is
required, but it cannot be given in a note. It was for this reason that
I avoided terms such as 'Universal' which presuppose an outlook which is
here repudiated. But in many respects the statement that an object is a
universal does explain what I mean. Particularity attaches to events and
to historical routes among events. But there is a flux of things
transcending that of nature—in the narrow sense in which nature is
here construed. Accordingly particularity cannot be confined to natural
events. The whole subject requires fuller and more systematic treatment
which I hope in the immediate future to undertake. The main point hinges
onto the
ingression[10]
of objects into social entities, and onto the analysis of the process
of the realisation of social entities.
In the list of objects in 13.2, I was
distinguishing the percipient object, which roughly speaking is an
individual, as mental, from a percipient event which is the flux of
experience of a living organism. But the percipient object is shadowy in
this book and is clearly outside 'nature.'
[10]Cf. my Concept of Nature for a short introduction to the meaning
of this term.
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