An enquiry concerning the principles of natural knowledgeWhitehead, Alfred North
Philosophy
An enquiry concerning the principles of natural knowledge
Whitehead, Alfred North
Knowledge, Theory of; Science -- Philosophy; Space and time
15.7 The fundamental rule is that events have parts and
that—except in a derivative sense, from their relations to
events—objects have no parts. On the other hand the same object
can be found in different parts of space and time, and this cannot hold
for events. Thus the identity of an object may be an important physical
fact, while the identity of an event is essentially a trivial logical
necessity. Thus the prisoner in the dock may be the man who did the
deed. But the deed lies in the irrevocable past; only the allegation of
it is before the court and perhaps (in some countries) a reconstitution
of the crime. Essentially the very deed itself is never there.
15.8 The continuity of nature is to be found
in events, the atomic properties of nature reside in objects. The
continuous ether is the whole complex of events; and the atoms and
molecules are scientific objects, which are entities of essentially
different type to the events forming the ether.
15.9 This contrast in the ways we perceive events and objects
deserves a distinction in nomenclature. Accordingly, for want of better
terms, we shall say that we 'apprehend' an event and 'recognise' an
object. To apprehend an event is to be aware of its passage as happening
in that nature, which we each of us know as though it were common to all
percipients. It is unnecessary for the purposes of science to consider
the difficult metaphysical question of this community of nature to all.
It is sufficient that, for the awareness of each, it is as though it
were common to all, and that science is a body of doctrine true for this
quasi-common nature which is the subject for the experience of each
percipient; namely, science is true for each percipient.
To recognise an object is to be aware of it in its specific relations to
definite events in nature. Thus we refer the object to some events as
its 'situations,' we connect it with other events as the locus from
which it is being perceived, and we connect it with other events as
conditions for such perception of it as in such situations from such a
locus of percipience.
Accordingly in these (arbitrary) senses of the words we apprehend nature
as continuous and we recognise it as atomic.
CHAPTER VI
EVENTS
16. Apprehension of Events. 16.1
It is the purpose of this chapter to summarise the leading
characteristics of our knowledge of nature as diversified into a complex
of events.
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