[171] See ‘Proviniana’ in the _Feuille de Provins_ for 7 Février 1852; also the _Hist. Litt. de la France_, xvii. 232; the Bibl. Imp. Colb. _Suite du Reg. Princ. Campan, III._ 50ro. and 199vo.; and the letters of Gregory IX., anni v. 9 kal. Maii (1231 or 1232), anni vii. kal. Feb., and 3 kal. Martii in the collection of Laporte du Theil. [172] See _ante_, p. 6. [173] Paris, Sorbonne, 932, 943; St. Victor, 171; Ancien Fonds, 6504; Venice, St. Mark, vi. 54. [174] _Vita di Gherardo Cremonense_, Roma, 1851. The distinction between the elder and younger Gerard had been noticed by Flavio Biondo (1388-1463); by Zaccharia Lilio (_obiit_ _c._ 1522) and by Giulio Faroldo in the sixteenth century. I have found the same accuracy in the _Risorgimento d’Italia_ of the Abate Saverio Bettinelli, which appeared at Bassano in 1786 (vol. i. p. 81). Only foreigners, therefore, seem to have overlooked it. [175] _Compendium Studii_, p. 471. [176] No. 354; see _ante_, pp. 20, 116. [177] See the list of MSS. already given, p. 123. [178] _De la Philosophie Scolastique_, i. 470. [179] _Opera_, ii. 140. [180] _Averroës_, p. 108. [181] See _Metaphysica_, xii. 334. [182] Avicenna. See _Destruction of Destruction_, iii. 350. [183] The doctrine of spontaneous generation, common among the Arabian Philosophers, and specially taught by Ibn Tofail. [184] This is a notable saying which may well have given rise to the legend of a book _De Tribus Impostoribus_. It was certainly one of the _foeda dicta_ blamed by Albertus Magnus. [185] St. Mark, vi. 54 _memb. saec._ xiv. The _De Substantia Orbis_ is said to have been completed by Averroës in Morocco in 1178. [186] Also Fondo Vaticano, 2089, p. 1, with commentary by Alfarabius. [187] This title recalls a passage in the _De Anima_ of Averroës as reproduced by Pendasius: ‘Si intellectus esset numeratus ad numerum individuorum, esset aliquod hoc (_i.e._ aliquod particulare) determinatum, _corpus aut virtus in corpore_. Si hoc esset, esset quid intellectum potentia.’ [188] No. 620. See _Cat. Gen. des Bibl. des Dep._ vol. iii. Paris, 1855. [189] See _ante_, p. 125. [190] Colophon to cod. lxxix. 18 of the Laurentian Library. [191] See _ante_, p. 59. [192] _Opus Tertium_, Master of the Rolls ed. p. 91. [193] _Compendium Studii_, p. 467. The _De Plantis_ is found at p. 83 of MS. Fondo Vaticano 4087. [194] Namely the novel called _Il Paradiso degli Alberti_ (Bologna, Wesseloffsky, 1867, vol. ii. pp. 180-217), and No. xx. of the _Cento Novelle Antiche_ (Testo Borghiniano). [195] _Inferno_, xx. 115, 116. [196] The _faja_ still worn in Spain is a direct survival of this custom. [197] According to ecclesiastical reckoning; the direction of the altar being taken as eastward. The frontispiece reproduces part of this fresco. [198] See _infra_, chap. ix.