[156] Albertus Stadensis speaks of a heretical sect which appeared at Halle in 1248. They abused the clergy, the monastic orders and the Pope, but their preachers exhorted them to pray for the Emperor Frederick and his son Conrad, _qui perfecti et justi sunt_. Among the Albigenses and Cathari generally the word _perfecti_ was used in a technical sense to indicate those who had been received into complete fellowship as opposed to the _credentes_ who were still on probation. As applied therefore to the Emperor and his son it would seem to indicate at least certain leanings to these opinions on Frederick’s part. This might explain the action he certainly took in trying to detach the Sicilian clergy from the see of Rome and to set up a national or imperial church in which he pretended to the earthly headship. [157] _Opera_, p. 102. [158] _Averroës_, pp. 28, 254, 291. [159] See _ante_, p. 18. [160] This inquiry was afterwards interpreted to Scot’s disadvantage and in a way that heightened his necromantic fame. See _infra_, ch. ix. [161] See Appendix, No. I. Averroës had maintained in opposition to Galen that the best of all climates was that of the fifth terrestrial region: that in which Cordova was situated.—_Colliget_, ii. 22. Michael Scot can hardly have shared this opinion. [162] St. Victor, 171. [163] De Rossi MS. 354. See _ante_, p. 20. [164] See preface to the _De Anima_ of Avicenna, MSS. Fondo Vaticano 4428, p. 78vo, and 2089, p. 307ro. Jourdain has reprinted this preface in his _Recherches_, p. 449, from the MSS. Fonds de Sorbonne 1793 and Ancien Fonds 6443. [165] Bibl. Rabb. i. p. 7. ‘Eiusdem Avicennae Physicorum lib. iv., Magistro Johanne Gunsalui et Salomone interpretibus, No. 449,’ _i.e._ of the Fondo Urbinate. [166] Bibl. Española, ii. pp. 643-4. ‘Conhesso’ may be a mistake for _converso_. There is reason to think that Andrew had embraced the Christian faith. [167] ‘Michael Scotus, ignarus quidem et verborum et rerum, fere omnia quae sub nomine ejus prodierunt, ab Andrea quodam Judaeo mutuatus est.’—_Opus Majus._ In his _Compendium Studii_, a much later work, Bacon repeats the accusation in a milder form: ‘Michael Scotus ascripsit sibi translationes multas. Sed certum est quod Andreas quidam Judaeus plus laboravit in his.’ It has been conjectured that Andrew was a convert to Christianity, _v._ Renan, who cites the preface to Jebb’s edition of the _Opus Tertium_ of Bacon. It is curious at any rate that the name given him was that of Scotland’s patron saint. [168] Bibl. Max. Vett. Patrum, Lugduni, 1677, vol. xxii. p. 1030. [169] The letter, namely, of Pope Gregory IX. [170] Paris, Fonds de Sorbonne 924, 950; St. Victor, 171; Navarre, 75; Venice, St. Mark, vi. 54; Fondo Vaticano, 2184, 2089, p. 6ro.