An epitome of astronomy, with the new discoveries: including an account of the eídouraníon, or transparent orrery — John Shaqi
An epitome of astronomy, with the new discoveries: including an account of the eídouraníon, or transparent orreryWalker, William
Philosophy
An epitome of astronomy, with the new discoveries: including an account of the eídouraníon, or transparent orrery
Walker, William
Astronomical models; Astronomy
or, if a body projected from the Sun should continue to fly at the rate
of 480 miles per hour, (which is about the swiftness of a cannon-ball),
it could reach the orbit of Mercury in 9 years, Venus in 16 years, the
Earth in 23 years, Mars in 34 years, Jupiter in 118 years, Saturn in 216
years, and the Georgium Sidus in 432 years.
These we consider as the regular bodies of our system; so regular,
indeed, that every phænomenon respecting them is calculated for years
before hand, and it is almost considered as a criminal error to be a
minute of time wrong in the calculation. But we are sometimes visited by
COMETS, which may also be recognized as a part of our system: of these
our knowledge is very imperfect. By supposing that the same Comet has
appeared at equal intervals of time; by observing that, like the planets,
they describe equal areas in equal times; and by having three points in
an ellipsis given to make out its eccentricity; from these data it was
natural for mathematicians to suppose they could calculate the return of
all Comets that had been scientifically observed: but the actual return
even of that conspicuous one expected by Dr. Halley, has been thought by
some not to be sufficiently ascertained: yet, on examining the balance
of probability, as stated by Maupertius, Lalande, Messire and Martin,
for its re-appearance, probably this doubt will be greatly lessened, if
not removed. As new Comets are almost perpetually appearing, on which
calculation hitherto has been silent, there is reason to expect, in a
proper period of time, an adequate number of observations to decide the
question, whether in general they revolve at stated times, or traverse
our system without probability of return. Perhaps Comets of each
description time and observation may confirm to us. We know that Comets
accompanied with tails come very near the Sun, and from all quarters
of the Heavens! that the tails keep opposite to the Sun; consequently
they are only visible to us when seen obliquely to the Sun. Thus the
Comet of August, 1797, was observed to have little or no train during
any part of its appearance; but a faint hazy light diffused round it;
these trains, like electrical and borealean light, do not refract the
light of the fixed stars, &c. The appearance of the Comet of 1682, is
copied in the _Eidouranion_. It descends from the top of the Machine;
its train increasing in length and lustre till it arrives at the Sun,
diminishing as it ascends. Its orbit is so eccentric that the small part
of it visible is not sensibly to be distinguished from the parabolic
curve; and in this representation it finally disappears in the roof of
the Theatre; it being impossible, if its return were ascertained, to
represent the extent of such an orbit, and its motion in it, with any
degree of suitable proportion. The velocity of such of these as approach
nearest to the Sun, particularly of the Comet of 1680, (whose appearance
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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