Obstetrical forceps, invention of the, 166 Obstetricians and gynaecologists, American, 295 Obstetrics, development of, 166 Oken, 249 Ophthalmoscope, 263 Oppolzer, 253 Oribasins, 048 Orthopaedics, origin of name, 177 Ovariotomy, the first, 267 Pacchioni, 183 Palfyn's obstetrical forceps, 166 Paracelsus, 143 Paré, Ambroise, 123 Paré and the surgeons of St. Come, 131 Park, Henry, 217 Parker, Willard, 293 Paulas Ægineta, 051 Pecquet, 161 Percussion, invention of the art of, 210 Pergamos, library of, 030 Periodic physicians, 017 Peruvian bark, discovery of, 164 Petit, J. L., 213 Pen, 166 Peyer, 183 Peyronie, 213 Pfeufer, 254 Pharmacopolists, 054 Philosophic period, 012, 018 Phrenology, 163, 242 Physical examination, methods of, 263 Physick, Philip S., 291 Physiological medicine, 253 Pinel, 163, 196, 206, 228 Piorry, 262 Pitard, John, 092 Plater, Felix, 118 Plato, 027 Pleximeter, 263 Podalirius, 010 Porta, Giovanni Batista, 118 Portal, 223 Paul, 166, 182 Pott, Percival, 217 Pravaz, 269 Praxagoras, 027 Priessnitz, 255 Primitive period, 012 Pringle, Sir John, 212 Ptolemy Soter, 031 Purkinje, 222 Purmann, 180 Pythagoras, 015 Quesnay, 173, 214 Quintus, 042 Radcliffe, 213 Rademacher, 254 Rapid multiplication of scientific literature, 239 Rasori, 240 Rau, 180 Ray, Isaac, 290 Raymond Lulli, 087 Realism, 206 Realist, 069 Receptaculum chyli, discovery of, 161 Reflex action, discovery of, 248 Reform period, 013 Regulation of practice in colonial times, 285 Reil, 202 Religious orders and the sick, 095 Rembert Dodoens, 115 Reuss, 253 Rhazes, 060 Rhinoplasty, 176 Rhodes, Temple of Æsculapius at, 008 Richerand, 267 Richter, August Gottlieb, 216 Riolan, 128 Rivinius, 183 Rodger, J. K., 293 Roeschlaub, 240 Roger of Parma, 078 Roland of Parma, 078 Rolfink, 188 Rome during the Greek period, 053 Rokitansky, 250 Roser, 253 Rousset and the Cæsarean operation, 134 Roux, 269 Rufus of Ephesus, 042 Rush, Benjamin, 206, 283 Ruysch, 158