An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume 1: MDCXC, Based on the 2nd Edition, Books 1 and 2Locke, John
Philosophy
An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume 1: MDCXC, Based on the 2nd Edition, Books 1 and 2
Locke, John
Knowledge, Theory of -- Early works to 1800
Whatever a learned man may do here, an intelligent American, who
inquired into the nature of things, would scarce take it for a
satisfactory account, if, desiring to learn our architecture, he should
be told that a pillar is a thing supported by a basis, and a basis
something that supported a pillar. Would he not think himself mocked,
instead of taught, with such an account as this? And a stranger to them
would be very liberally instructed in the nature of books, and the
things they contained, if he should be told that all learned books
consisted of paper and letters, and that letters were things inhering
in paper, and paper a thing that held forth letters: a notable way of
having clear ideas of letters and paper. But were the Latin words,
inhaerentia and substantio, put into the plain English ones that answer
them, and were called STICKING ON and UNDER-PROPPING, they would better
discover to us the very great clearness there is in the doctrine of
substance and accidents, and show of what use they are in deciding of
questions in philosophy.
21. A Vacuum beyond the utmost Bounds of Body.
But to return to our idea of space. If body be not supposed infinite,
(which I think no one will affirm,) I would ask, whether, if God placed
a man at the extremity of corporeal beings, he could not stretch his
hand beyond his body? If he could, then he would put his arm where
there was before space without body; and if there he spread his
fingers, there would still be space between them without body. If he
could not stretch out his hand, it must be because of some external
hindrance; (for we suppose him alive, with such a power of moving the
parts of his body that he hath now, which is not in itself impossible,
if God so pleased to have it; or at least it is not impossible for God
so to move him:) and then I ask,—whether that which hinders his hand
from moving outwards be substance or accident, something or nothing?
And when they have resolved that, they will be able to resolve
themselves,—what that is, which is or may be between two bodies at a
distance, that is not body, and has no solidity. In the mean time, the
argument is at least as good, that, where nothing hinders, (as beyond
the utmost bounds of all bodies,) a body put in motion may move on, as
where there is nothing between, there two bodies must necessarily
touch. For pure space between is sufficient to take away the necessity
of mutual contact; but bare space in the way is not sufficient to stop
motion. The truth is, these men must either own that they think body
infinite, though they are loth to speak it out, or else affirm that
space is not body. For I would fain meet with that thinking man that
can in his thoughts set any bounds to space, more than he can to
duration; or by thinking hope to arrive at the end of either. And
therefore, if his idea of eternity be infinite, so is his idea of
immensity; they are both finite or infinite alike.
22. The Power of Annihilation proves a Vacuum.
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