An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume 1: MDCXC, Based on the 2nd Edition, Books 1 and 2Locke, John
Philosophy
An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume 1: MDCXC, Based on the 2nd Edition, Books 1 and 2
Locke, John
Knowledge, Theory of -- Early works to 1800
The mind having once got such a measure of time as the annual
revolution of the sun, can apply that measure to duration wherein that
measure itself did not exist, and with which, in the reality of its
being, it had nothing to do. For should one say, that Abraham was born
in the two thousand seven hundred and twelfth year of the Julian
period, it is altogether as intelligible as reckoning from the
beginning of the world, though there were so far back no motion of the
sun, nor any motion at all. For, though the Julian period be supposed
to begin several hundred years before there were really either days,
nights, or years, marked out by any revolutions of the sun,—yet we
reckon as right, and thereby measure durations as well, as if really at
that time the sun had existed, and kept the same ordinary motion it
doth now. The idea of duration equal to an annual revolution of the
sun, is as easily APPLICABLE in our thoughts to duration, where no sun
or motion was, as the idea of a foot or yard, taken from bodies here,
can be applied in our thoughts to distances beyond the confines of the
world, where are no bodies at all.
25. As we can measure space in our thoughts where there is no body.
For supposing it were 5639 miles, or millions of miles, from this place
to the remotest body of the universe, (for, being finite, it must be at
a certain distance,) as we suppose it to be 5639 years from this time
to the first existence of any body in the beginning of the world;—we
can, in our thoughts, apply this measure of a year to duration before
the creation, or beyond the duration of bodies or motion, as we can
this measure of a mile to space beyond the utmost bodies; and by the
one measure duration, where there was no motion, as well as by the
other measure space in our thoughts, where there is no body.
26. The assumption that the world is neither boundless nor eternal.
If it be objected to me here, that, in this way of explaining of time,
I have begged what I should not, viz. that the world is neither eternal
nor infinite; I answer, That to my present purpose it is not needful,
in this place, to make use of arguments to evince the world to be
finite both in duration and extension. But it being at least as
conceivable as the contrary, I have certainly the liberty to suppose
it, as well as any one hath to suppose the contrary; and I doubt not,
but that every one that will go about it, may easily conceive in his
mind the beginning of motion, though not of all duration, and so may
come to a step and non ultra in his consideration of motion. So also,
in his thoughts, he may set limits to body, and the extension belonging
to it; but not to space, where no body is, the utmost bounds of space
and duration being beyond the reach of thought, as well as the utmost
bounds of number are beyond the largest comprehension of the mind; and
all for the same reason, as we shall see in another place.
27. Eternity.
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