An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume 1: MDCXC, Based on the 2nd Edition, Books 1 and 2Locke, John
Philosophy
An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume 1: MDCXC, Based on the 2nd Edition, Books 1 and 2
Locke, John
Knowledge, Theory of -- Early works to 1800
But we have not yet done with “assenting to propositions at first
hearing and understanding their terms.” It is fit we first take notice
that this, instead of being a mark that they are innate, is a proof of
the contrary; since it supposes that several, who understand and know
other things, are ignorant of these principles till they are proposed
to them; and that one may be unacquainted with these truths till he
hears them from others. For, if they were innate, what need they be
proposed in order to gaining assent, when, by being in the
understanding, by a natural and original impression, (if there were any
such,) they could not but be known before? Or doth the proposing them
print them clearer in the mind than nature did? If so, then the
consequence will be, that a man knows them better after he has been
thus taught them than he did before. Whence it will follow that these
principles may be made more evident to us by others’ teaching than
nature has made them by impression: which will ill agree with the
opinion of innate principles, and give but little authority to them;
but, on the contrary, makes them unfit to be the foundations of all our
other knowledge; as they are pretended to be. This cannot be denied,
that men grow first acquainted with many of these self-evident truths
upon their being proposed: but it is clear that whosoever does so,
finds in himself that he then begins to know a proposition, which he
knew not before, and which from thenceforth he never questions; not
because it was innate, but because the consideration of the nature of
the things contained in those words would not suffer him to think
otherwise, how, or whensoever he is brought to reflect on them. And if
whatever is assented to at first hearing and understanding the terms
must pass for an innate principle, every well-grounded observation,
drawn from particulars into a general rule, must be innate. When yet it
is certain that not all, but only sagacious heads, light at first on
these observations, and reduce them into general propositions: not
innate but collected from a preceding acquaintance and reflection on
particular instances. These, when observing men have made them,
unobserving men, when they are proposed to them cannot refuse their
assent to.
22. Implicitly known before proposing, signifies that the Mind is
capable of understanding them, or else signifies nothing.
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