Janet, P.A.R., 59, 61, 89, 91, 93, 97. Jannet, Claudio, 183. Janssen, J., 28, 68, 86, 125, 138, 139, 141, 143, 150, 154, 224. Jarrett, Fr., 83, 84. _Jeremiah_, 165. Jerusalem, the Church of, social system in, 44 _et seq._ St. Paul's appeal for funds, 48. the Council of, prohibition of usury not imposed on converts by, 168. Jesuits, the, invention of _trinus contractus_ attributed to, 211. _Jewish Encyclopaedia, The_, on usury, 165. Jews, attitude to usury, 160, 165. prohibition of usury between, 164. John of Salisbury, 14. Jourdain, 5, 14, 16, 149, 176, 183, 221. _Jus abutendi_, 87. _divinum_, 173. _humanum_, 174. _naturale_, 173. Just price, a Christian conception, 104. authorities empowered to fix, 108. comparison of mediæval theory with that of classical economists, 125. difference from modern competition price, 116. elasticity of, 117. factors determining, 109 _et seq._ Just price, fixed by common estimation, 115 _et seq._ fixing of, by law, 106. in money-lending, 179. mediæval teaching on, 103. necessity for adhering to, 108. of wages, _see_ Wages. rules for guidance in fixing by law, 107. nature of, 127 _et seq._ value of canonical doctrine, 123. Justinian, rates of interest fixed by, 161. Justinian Code, 28, 172. Kelleher, Father, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134. Knabenbaur, 166. Knies, 80, 114, 135. Koran, the, the taking of interest forbidden in, 166. Labour, as title to property, 65. Christian teaching on its dignity, 137. division into honourable and degrading, 141. necessity and honourableness of all forms of, 140. only one constituent in the estimation of just price, 157. relative importance of, in determining value, 113. the motives which should actuate, 153. Lactantius, 45, 56 _et seq._, 91. Langenstein, 19, 107, 111, 112, 121, 122, 124, 137, 141, 203. Larceny Act, the, 27. Lateran Council, the, judgment in favour of _montes pietatis_, 197. Councils, the, of 1139 and 1179, declaration against usurers by, 174. Laurentius de Rodulphis, 157, 195, 209. Law, natural and positive, in relation to property, 64. Le Blant, 216. Lecky, 176, 211. Leo the Great, 146. Lessius, 117, 124. Letting, Thomas Aquinas on, 38. Levasseur, 138, 139, 224. Leviticus, 163. _Liberalitas_, its opposing vices, 74. meaning of, 73. Liberality, relation to justice, 73. Lisieux, Bishop of, _see_ Oresme, Nicholas. List, 146, 224. Loan, Thomas Aquinas on, 38. Loans, analogy between sales and, 182. forced, in the Italian States, 195. the real nature of, 178. _Locatio operarum_, 210, 213. Logic, mediæval study of, 14. Loria, 149. Lucca, _montes pietatis_ at, 196. _Lucrum cessans_, 185, 186, 195, 202. recognition of, 187 _et seq._ Lyons, Council of, ordinances against usurers, 175.