The same learned Cardinal whom Chillingworth here refers to, is very zealous throughout his works in defending Papal infallibility, and even ventures to affirm (Bellarm. de Pontifice Rom. lib. iv. cap. 5, in fine), “If the Pope could or should so far err, as to command the practice of vice, and to forbid virtuous actions, the Church were bound to believe vices to be good, and virtues to be bad.” The Pontiffs, whatever they may have thought of this extraordinary theory, seem in _practice_, by the Cardinal’s own account, to have availed themselves, in a considerable degree, of the privilege which he claims in their behalf.—See also Works of Henry More, p. 450. {20a} “It were heartily to be wished, if he” (the Pope) “should once happen to be _in cathedrâ_, he would infallibly determine what is to be _in cathedrâ_ ever after; for it would ease men’s minds of a great many troublesome scruples, which they cannot, without some infallible determination, get themselves quit of.”—Stillingfleet’s “Vindication,” p. 114. {20b} For Bishop Stillingfleet’s argument to prove that no Pontiff has been canonically elected since the times of Sextus the Fifth, see his Vindication, part i. p. 116. {21a} _Romanus Pontifex per literas Montanistis communionem impertiit_, _quas_, _errore cognito_, _revocare coactus est_.—Dupin de Antiq. Eccl. Dis. 5. p. 346. La Pape les Montanistes reçu dans sa communion, ce qui montre que le Pape _n’étoit pas infallible_.—Basnage, Hist. tom. i. p. 360. {21b} He maintained against Cyprian, of Carthage, that baptism, though performed by heretics, ought not to be repeated: but the heretics of that period baptized only in the name of the Father, and sometimes not even in his name: a kind of Baptism which no Roman Catholic would now admit to be valid.—See Grier’s History of the Councils, p. 17. {21c} See this case argued by Bishop Stillingfleet in part iii. chap. 2, pp. 512, 513, of the Vindication; and for others equally opposite, see Grier’s History passim. See also Burnet on the Nineteenth Article. {21d} See Evidence against Catholicism by the Rev. Blanco White, p. 33: and the Bishop of Exeter’s Letters to Charles Butler, Esq. Letter xiv. p. 271. {22a} The writers of the Gallican Church are here alluded to, all of whom oppose the Papal claims. {22b} Matt. xvi. 18. {22c} Matt. xviii. 17. {22d} Matt. xxviii. 20. {22e} John xiv. 16. {22f} Acts xv. 28. {22g} 1 Tim. iii. 15. {23} _Ecclesia universalis nunquam errat quia nunquam tota errat_.—Tostat. Abulens. præfat. in Matt, quæst. xiii. _Ecclesia latinorum non est Ecclesia universalis sed quædam pars ejus_: _ideo_, _etiamsi tota ipsa errasset_, _non errabat ecclesia universalis_: _quia manet Ecclesia universalis in partibus illis quæ non errant_, _sive illæ sint numero plures quam errantes_, _sive non_.—Ibid. quæst. iv. in Matt. ad proleg. 2.