An Essay on the Effects of Opium. Considered as a PoisonAwsiter, John
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An Essay on the Effects of Opium. Considered as a Poison
Awsiter, John
Opium -- Toxicology
Notwithstanding this conjectural Opinion of his, he again recommends
Lixivial Salts and Spirit; and that their Use might not be neglected,
tells you, if you should not have Salt of Tartar at hand, other Alkaline
Salts will serve the Purpose; as of Wormwood, &c. but these being of a
weaker Nature, their Quantity is to be encreased, at least, one third;
and in great Urgency, from a Deficiency of them, their Ashes, or those
of any Vegetable, may be taken; provided they are joined with Brandy, or
old Wine; and that the Roughness of the Ashes will contribute not a
little to wear off the Resin.
_Geoffroy_ informs us, that the first Thing necessary to remedy this
Poison, is to empty the Vessels by copious Bleeding, if Strength will
admit.
Though this is a Practice I do not condemn, yet, as not having
experienced the Use, I cannot recommend it; for instead of relieving
Nature thereby, I should fear a Relaxation might be hurried on, which
ought to be prevented as much as possible.——In Fact, the Stomach is the
Place of Action, and present Relief can only be obtained, rationally, by
immediate Applications to that Part.
The Effect of Opium upon the Venous Fluid, is not immediate, but
secondary; for when injected into a Vein, it will neither encrease the
Motion of the Blood, nor coagulate it. Sir _Christopher Wren_ gives us
an Instance of this, by transfusing a Solution of Opium into the Blood
of a Dog, which, he observed, had no Effect upon the Animal, until it
had Time to reach his Brain, when the Dog became drowsy, and staggered;
from which he was relieved, by being forced into Motion, and in a short
Time afterwards grew fat. This, I think, proves, that the violent
Effects of Opium are on the Nerves, and not upon the Blood, which, by a
Consent of Parts, it can only rarify, and make more fluid. By
diminishing the Quantity of Blood in the Veins, the Secretions of Sweat
and Urine are interrupted, and the Relaxation, so much to be dreaded, is
forwarded.——The great _Boyle_, and Dr. _Willis_, likewise mention
Experiments of this Kind, made upon a Dog, but differ in their Accounts;
_Willis_ asserting, that a Dog can bear a large Quantity of Opium, and
overcome the Poison: He gives an Account of one that had received, by
Transfusion, three Ounces of liquid Laudanum into his Veins, and without
any very violent Symptoms, or other Help, than the Exercise of a Whip,
to keep the Dog in Motion, he perfectly recovered. The Effect which
followed Laudanum, being poured into a Dog's Stomach, as Dr. _Mead_
experimented, is very different from that by Transfusion, for it
presently convulsed and killed him; and upon Dissection, he found that
the Poison had not only inflamed the Coats of the Stomach, but abraded
the finer Vessels of the Brain.
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