After a shallow has been filled to the level of the beach then existing, and the upper part of the pile still projecting, let plank, if necessary, be gradually added about one or two feet in breadth at a time, as the deposition accumulates. Proceeding onwards into the sea as opportunity offers, some portion of the shoals will be removed into the shallows; another, probably, will be carried towards the cliffs. To facilitate this object, let a long tined harrow be fastened to the stern of a boat, which being urged by men, will loosen the materials on the surface of a shoal; and the flowing of the water will carry them, if the wind is in a favourable quarter, towards the shore, and thus will the beach become a consolidated body, with superabundant materials deposited at high water mark: these of course must be removed towards the cliffs. If the materials consist principally of sand, a plough might be employed with considerable advantage, turning the furrows inward towards the cliffs; on the contrary, should stones predominate, they must be deposited at the base of the cliffs. Easterly winds will remove the loose dry sand towards and fill up the spaces between them. Many suggestions, however, to expedite the work will present themselves upon inspection and trial. {70} The distance required from one row of piles to another must also depend upon circumstances. Wherever the sea reaches in, should a shallow or flat exist, there piles will be necessary, as well as to the southward of it, which will greatly accelerate the deposition of materials where they are so much required. [Picture: The breakwater, shewing the supposed elevation of the beach from the deposit of sand. D. Hodgson, delt. C. Graf, Lith. to Her Majesty] Discrimination will also be necessary in the application of the piles; for a minute and continuous observer will perceive it frequently happens, the alteration of a current and the wind favouring it, the sea will reach in towards the cliffs, and undermine and excavate one locality, while another, previously visited, will become filled up by materials dislodged from the former place. {71} In the latter instance, piles will not be required to be applied immediately, for probably some of the materials, irregularly accumulated, will be requisite to be shifted to their former situation. Hence the reason of applying piles to the southward and not to the northward of a locality requiring immediate assistance.