An Essay on the State of England: In Relation to Its Trade, Its Poor, and Its Taxes, for Carrying on the Present War Against France — John Shaqi
An Essay on the State of England: In Relation to Its Trade, Its Poor, and Its Taxes, for Carrying on the Present War Against FranceCary, John
History
An Essay on the State of England: In Relation to Its Trade, Its Poor, and Its Taxes, for Carrying on the Present War Against France
Cary, John
Great Britain -- Commercial policy; Poor -- England
The _Inland Trade_ of _England_ consists either in Husbandry,
Manufactures, or Buying and Selling, the last of which is of least
Advantage to the Nation, and rather to be allowed for Conveniency then
encouraged, whereby one Man lives on the Profits he makes by another
without any Improvement to the Publick, Peoples Occasions requiring
Commodities to be Retailed to them by such small parcels as would fit
their Necessities, they were willing to give a profit to him who bought
them in greater. And as this way of _Trade_ came more in use, so the
first Buyer not only sold his Commodities to the Consumer at home, but
also dispersed them amongst those who were seated in the Country at a
distance in order to supply the Inhabitants there, who allowed them a
profit on what they bought; this begat the Ingrosing of Commodities, and
thence came in skill and cunning to foresee their Rise and Falls
according to their Consumption and prospect of supply; hence came the
vitiating our Manufactures, every one endeavouring to under buy that he
might under sell his Neighbour; which way of living being found in time
to have less of Labour and more of Profit than Husbandry and
Manufactures, was the occasion so many fell into it. From these Bargains
Differences arising encreased another sort of People which were thought
useful, whose business was either by their Wisdoms to persuade, or by
their Knowledge in the Laws to force the unjust Person to do right to his
fellow Trader, an Honourable imployment at first, and is still so in
those who keep to the strict Rules of its Institution, which Differencies
being to be Decided in the _Courts_ of _Justice_ (at first setled in
_Westminster-Hall_, and afterwards for the Subjects ease carried into the
_Country_ by Itinerent _Judges_) these _Orators_ were desired by the
Complainants to present their Suites to the King in those _Courts_, to be
heard and determined by his _Judges_, and to set forth the Case of the
_Plantiff_, and Produce Evidence to prove the Truth thereof against the
_Defendant_, who also appeared by another to make his Defence. But as
Suites increased, it was thought necessary to confine all to one Method
of Proceeding, which was called _The Practice of the Court_, therefore
another sort of People called _Attorneys_ were appointed to observe that
Mechanical part of the _Law_, and see that all was Regularly and Formally
managed; hence arose _Sollicitors_, who were to attend both, as well to
represent the Matter rightly to the _Orator_ or _Council_, as to see the
_Attorney_ fit things for a hearing, and also to Reward them for their
pains, so that this Produced another way of living seperate from
Husbandry and Manufactures: And as Trade increased so _Courts_ of
_Justice_ were Appointed in several great _Towns_ and _Cities_, which
being of different Natures, Multitudes of People gave Attendance,
expecting to get livelihoods by them.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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