An Essay on the State of England: In Relation to Its Trade, Its Poor, and Its Taxes, for Carrying on the Present War Against FranceCary, John
History
An Essay on the State of England: In Relation to Its Trade, Its Poor, and Its Taxes, for Carrying on the Present War Against France
Cary, John
Great Britain -- Commercial policy; Poor -- England
III. _Horses_; whose Labour is so necessary that we could neither carry
on our Husbandry or Trade without them, besides their fitness for War,
being the boldest in the World, and for all these uses are Transported
abroad, for the former to our _Plantations_ in the _West Indies_, for the
latter to some of our Neighbouring Nations; but their Flesh is of no use,
their Skins of little, the Leather made thereof is very ordinary, only
the longest of their Hair is used in _Weaving_.
There are many other sorts of Beasts, some whereof require no care in
raising, others little, others are more tender, such are the _Stag_, the
_Dear_, the _Rabbit_, the _Hare_, the _Fox_, the _Badger_, the _Goat_,
whose Skins are necessary for our Trade, and assist in our Manufactures.
[Sidenote: Tillage.]
_Agriculture_ is that whereby we raise our Corn by turning up the Earth,
the several sorts whereof are _Wheat_, _Rye_, _Barly_, _Pease_, _Beans_,
_Fetches_, _Oats_, which not only afford nourishment to our selves and
the Beasts we use in labour, but serve for Trade, as they give Imployment
to our People at home, and are Transported abroad more or less according
to the overplus of onr expence, and the want of our Neighbours, besides
the great Quantities used in our Navigation.
These Products of both sorts are clear profit to the Nation as they are
raised from Earth and Labour, whose Advantages arise chiefly from their
being Exported either in their own kind or when Manufactered, the
Remainder spent at Home tending only to supplying the use, not advancing
the Wealth of the Nation; now these Exports being according to the Rates
and Prizes they bear in other Countries, and those Rates arising from the
Proportion their Lands hold with ours in their Yearly Rents, are not so
great in specie as when workt up, Butter is the greatest, wherewith we
supply many Forreign Markets, and did formerly more, till by making it
bad and using Tricks to increase its weight, we have much lost that
Trade, and are now almost beat out of it by _Ireland_, which every day
makes better as we make worse, besides they undersell us in the Price, as
they do also in _Beef_, occasioned by the low Rents of their Lands, and
more especially by the _Act of Prohibition_, which put that Nation on
finding out a Trade in Forreign Markets for what they were denyed to
bring hither, which being Exported thence direct yeilds them greater
profit, the sweetness whereof hath encouraged them to take more care, and
this hath raised them from a Sloathful to be an Industrious People. As
for Corn, Forreign Markets are supplyed therewith both from thence and
other places in the Sound, also from the Western _Islands_, cheaper then
the price of our Lands will admit. But our _Plantations_ have still some
Dependance on us for our Product, and would more if that _Act_ was
removed, and _Ireland_ made a _Colony_ on the same Terms with them.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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