An examination of some methods employed in determining the atomic weight of CadmiumBucher, John Emery
History
An examination of some methods employed in determining the atomic weight of Cadmium
Bucher, John Emery
Cadmium; Thesis (Ph. D.)
Enough cadmium oxalate for a determination was placed in a weighing tube
which had been tared against a similar vessel and dried at 150°C. until
the weight remained constant. It was then poured into a weighed
porcelain crucible. The tube and its tare were now dried again at the
same temperature to constant weight in order to avoid any error
resulting from moisture being absorbed by the cadmium oxalate which
adhered to the weighing-glass. The crucibles used in these
determinations were arranged in the same manner as those employed by
Morse and Jones in their work on this method. A small porcelain crucible
on whose edge were placed three short platinum wires bent in the shape
of the letter U, was placed in a larger porcelain crucible. The platinum
wires prevented the lid from sticking to the crucible after heating and
also allowed the products of decomposition to escape. The glaze was
removed from the outside of the larger crucible with hydrofluoric acid
to avoid sticking when heated to a high temperature. A second pair of
crucibles arranged in the same manner was tared against the first one
and in all cases treated like it. After the oxalate had been poured into
the weighed crucible, it was decomposed by placing the crucible with its
contents in a cylindrical asbestus covered air-bath, and slowly raising
the temperature until the mass beams uniformly brown in color. In the
last five determinations, the temperature was not allowed to exceed
300°C and after from forty to eighty hours the loss in weight was about
ninety percent of the amount calculated for complete decomposition. In
the first four the temperature was much higher and the time employed
shorter. After the oxalate had been thus treated nitric acid was added
and the contents of the crucible dissolved completely. The crucible was
then transferred to a bath constructed by placing a larger porcelain
crucible in a still larger one of iron and filling the intervening space
with sand. It was slowly heated until the nitric acid had all evaporated
and the dry nitrate began to give off red fumes. The crucibles were then
removed to a similar bath containing iron filings instead of sand. This
bath was heated by means of a single burner as long as red fumes were
observed, and then for about five hours with a triple burner. Finally,
the crucibles were transferred to a nickel crucible in the bottom of
which a plate of unglazed porcelain was placed. The nickel crucible
which had previously been set tightly into a hole cut in an asbestos
board was then heated over the blast lamp for two hours. After this the
porcelain crucible and contents were weighed and then reheated for half
hour periods as before until three successive weighings remained
constant. This usually required from three to four hours of blasting. In
all determinations, the resulting product was tested for oxides of
nitrogen with potassium iodide, starch and hydrochloric acid, but none
was found.
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