An Examination of the Testimony of the Four Evangelists, by the Rules of Evidence Administered in Courts of Justice: With an Account of the Trial of JesusGreenleaf, Simon
Religion
An Examination of the Testimony of the Four Evangelists, by the Rules of Evidence Administered in Courts of Justice: With an Account of the Trial of Jesus
Greenleaf, Simon
Apologetics; Authority -- Religious aspects; Bible. Gospels -- Evidences, authority, etc.; Jesus Christ -- Trial
§ 37. In the _fourth_ place, as to the _conformity of their testimony with
experience_. The title of the evangelists to full credit for veracity
would be readily conceded by the objector, if the facts they relate were
such as ordinarily occur in human experience. But they also relate events
which were miraculous, or out of the ordinary course of human experience,
and on this circumstance an argument is founded against their credibility.
Miracles, say the objectors, are impossible; and therefore the evangelists
were either deceivers or deceived; and in either case their narratives are
unworthy of belief. Spinosa’s argument against the possibility of
miracles, was founded on the broad and bold assumption that all things are
governed by immutable laws, or fixed modes of motion and relation, termed
the laws of nature, by which God himself is of necessity bound. This
erroneous assumption is the tortoise, on which stands the elephant that
upholds his system of atheism. He does not inform us who made these
immutable laws, nor whence they derive their binding force and
irresistible operation. The argument supposes that the creator of all
things first made a code of laws, and then put it out of his own power to
change them. The scheme of Mr. Hume is but another form of the same error.
He deduces the existence of such immutable laws from the uniform course of
human experience. This, he affirms, is our only guide in reasoning
concerning matters of fact; and whatever is contrary to human experience,
he pronounces incredible.(59) Without stopping to examine the correctness
of this doctrine, as a fundamental principle in the law of evidence, it is
sufficient in this place to remark, that is contains this fallacy; it
excludes all knowledge derived by inference or deduction from facts,
confining us to what we derive from experience alone, and thus depriving
us of any knowledge, or even rational belief, of the existence or
character of God. Nay more, it goes to prove that successive generations
of men can make no advancement in knowledge, but each must begin _de
novo_, and be limited to the results of its own experience. But if we may
infer, from what we see and know, that there is a Supreme Being, by whom
this world was created, we may certainly, and with equal reason, believe
him capable of works which _we_ have never yet known him to perform. We
may fairly conclude that the power which was originally put forth to
create the world is still constantly and without ceasing exerted to
sustain it; and that the experienced connexion between cause and effect is
but the uniform and constantly active operation of the finger of God.
Whether this uniformity of operation extends to things beyond the limits
of our observation, is a point we cannot certainly know. Its existence in
all things that ordinarily concern us may be supposed to be ordained as
conducive to our happiness; and if the belief in a revelation of peace and
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