[Footnote 20: The accounts of this expedition are as follows: Report from Lieutenant Schwatka in the New York _Times_, October 17, 1886; Some of the Geographical Features of Southeastern Alaska, by William Libbey, Jr., in Bull. Am. Geog. Soc., 1886, pp. 279-300; Shores and Alps of Alaska, by H. W. Seton-Karr, London, 1887, 8°, pp. L-XCV, 142-148; The Alpine Regions of Alaska, by Lieutenant Seton-Karr, in Proc. Roy. Geog. Soc., vol. IX, 1887, pp. 269-285; The Expedition of "The New York Times" (1886), by Lieutenant Schwatka, in _The Century Magazine_, April, 1891, pp. 865-872.] From Icy bay the expedition proceeded inland, for about sixteen miles, in a line leading nearly due north, toward the summit of Mount St. Elias. The highest point reached, 7,200 feet, was on the foot-hills of the main range now called the Karr hills. The time occupied by the expedition, after leaving Icy bay, was nine or ten days. So far as known, no systematic surveys were carried on. An interesting account of this expedition appeared in Seton-Karr's book, "The Shores and Alps of Alaska." Many observations on the glaciers and moraines of the region explored are recorded in this work. The map published with it has been used in compiling the western portion of the map forming plate 8, where the route of the expedition is indicated. Another account, especially valuable for its records of scientific observations, by Professor Libbey, was published by the American Geographic Society. The Guyot, Agassiz and Tyndall glaciers, the Chaix hills, and Lake Castani received their names during this expedition. Lieutenant Schwatka's graphic and entertaining account of this expedition, published in _The Century Magazine_ for April, 1891, gives many details of the exploration and illustrates many of the characteristic features of southern Alaska. TOPHAM EXPEDITION, 1888. An expedition conducted by Messrs. W. H. and Edwin Topham, of London, George Broka, of Brussels, and William Williams, of New York, was made in 1888. Like the _Times_ expedition, it had for its main object the ascent of Mount St. Elias. Icy bay was reached, by means of canoes from Yakutat bay, on July 13, and an inland journey was made northward which {74} covered a large part of the area traversed by the previous expedition. The highest elevation reached, according to aneroid barometer and boiling-point measurements, was 11,460 feet. This was on the southern side of St. Elias. The only accounts of this expedition which have come to my notice are an interesting article by William Williams in _Scribner's Magazine_,[21] and a more detailed report by H. W. Topham, accompanied by a map[22] and by a fine illustration of Mount St. Elias, in the Alpine Journal.[23] [Footnote 21: New York, April, 1889, pp. 387-403.] [Footnote 22: Topham's map was used in compiling the western portion of the map forming plate 8, and his route is there indicated.] [Footnote 23: London, August, 1889, pp. 245-371.]