Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Leonard Johnson and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net FOREWORD The Fish and Wildlife Service is proud to present this bulletin describing an experimental attempt to re-establish an endangered species in part of its native range. Two States, a Federal agency, a university, and two private conservation groups pooled their resources to make the project possible. This effort exemplifies the type of cooperation the Department of the Interior believes is imperative in beginning the gigantic task of trying to save and restore the threatened and endangered animals in this country today. Our pride is bittersweet, however. The experiment was a complete success in providing the information sought: What might happen when a pack of wolves is transplanted to a new area where the native population has been all but exterminated by Man? It was the answer to this question that was disappointing. Nevertheless, experiments are for learning, no matter what the answers may be. We are convinced that the answers provided by this project will ultimately be most helpful in future attempts to restore endangered animals to parts of their native ranges where they can begin again on the road to recovery. [Illustration: Lynn A. Greenwalt] DIRECTOR U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Additional Copies Available from UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE REGION 3 Federal Building Fort Snelling Twin Cities, Minnesota 55111 AN EXPERIMENTAL TRANSLOCATION OF THE EASTERN TIMBER WOLF THOMAS F. WEISE Department of Biology Northern Michigan University[1] WILLIAM L. ROBINSON Department of Biology Northern Michigan University RICHARD A. HOOK Department of Biology Northern Michigan University L. DAVID MECH Endangered Wildlife Research Program U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service[2] [1] _Marquette, Michigan 49855_ [2] _Division of Cooperative Research, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Md. 20810. Mailing address: North Central Forest Experiment Station, Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN. 55101._ TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD Inside front cover ABSTRACT Back side of title page INTRODUCTION 1 THE STUDY AREA 2 METHODS 4