An Experimental Translocation of the Eastern Timber WolfWeise, Thomas F.
Science
An Experimental Translocation of the Eastern Timber Wolf
Weise, Thomas F.
Gray wolf -- Reintroduction -- Michigan
If the translocated wolves were to try homing directly toward their
previous territory, they would have had to travel west-northwestward.
However, within a few miles they would have encountered Lake Superior.
The next closest choice would have been to head westward, and this is
what the pack did (Fig. 17). The next possible barrier to their homeward
movements would have been Huron Bay, which would have forced them
southwestward, at least temporarily. Again this is what actually
happened. The pack maintained its southwestward movement beyond Huron
Bay until reaching a point southeast of the next possible barrier,
Keweenaw Bay. They then continued westward south of Keweenaw Bay to the
Prickett Dam area, and veered northwestward to Twin Lakes on March 25.
By this time, the wolves had traveled for 13 days and covered a minimum
distance of 59 miles (94.9 km), and they were 42 miles (67.6 km), closer
to home (16% of the straight-line distance between home and release
site). The directions of the movements of the wolves were consistent
with what they would have to be if the wolves were to return home.
However, after March 25, the directionality in the movements of the pack
ended (Fig. 17), and the animals began what we consider the Exploratory
Phase of their movements. If the wolves actually were homing, perhaps
the tendency diminished as they failed to encounter familiar terrain, or
perhaps they met too many obstacles, or became confused after
encountering too much human activity. Or possibly these factors or the
need to find food and security overcame the homing tendency. As
discussed earlier in relation to the unusual number of times the wolves
were observed, it is clear that they were not moving normally during
this period.
The lone wolf, No. 10, dispersed from the release site in as much of an
opposite direction as it could from the pack (Fig. 20). Thus there is no
evidence that this animal was trying to home. However, it is of interest
to note that the first 32 miles (51.5 km) of her travel was directional
rather than random. Furthermore, when the animal encountered what
probably was a psychological barrier, a high concentration of human
activity along Highway 41, she reversed her movements but still
maintained a directionality by returning to the release area. In fact a
striking pattern of southeast-northwest movements characterized this
wolf's travels for several months after her release, with a gradual
westward drift developing in the southeast-northwest movements (Fig.
20).
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