Wallace quotes the same passage in the introduction to his Psychology of Aristotle,[18] and gives the following somewhat different and probably more accurate translation:— “When engaged in recollection we seek to excite some of our previous movements until we come to that which the movement or impression of which we are in search was wont to follow. And hence we seek to reach this preceding impression by starting in our thought from an object present to us or something else whether it be similar, contrary, or contiguous to that of which we are in search; recollection taking place in this manner because the movements are in one case identical, in another case coincident and in the last case partly overlap.”[19] Whichever translation we adopt it seems plain enough that Aristotle maintained that voluntary recollection depended upon the laws of association by _similarity_, _contrast_ or _contrariety_, and _contiguity_. Very likely he meant to include simultaneity and sequence; but any proof of this should rest upon the general import of the passage rather than upon any doubtful emendation like Hamilton’s.[20] A more important question is whether Aristotle meant to limit the application of these laws to voluntary recollection (ἀνάμνησις), or whether he intended to include spontaneous reproduction (μνήμη) as well. The opinion commonly held by students of Aristotle, from Themistius down, has been that he applied the law of association only to voluntary recollection. Hamilton, however, argues forcibly that Aristotle taught the universality of the law of association. It seems natural enough to suppose that one who saw so clearly that in the voluntary train of thought the sequence conforms to the law of association, would have seen that the same laws apply to the spontaneous activity of the mind. But while Aristotle states the law of association clearly for the former, he at most merely alludes to the latter, and obscurely enough at that. Later in the same treatise Aristotle gives an illustration that may serve to elucidate the principles of association that have just been stated. In recollection there are certain movements which serve as standpoints or clues. Milk suggests whiteness, whiteness the clear atmosphere, @the atmosphere moisture,@ this the rainy season. So too, Themistius in commenting upon the passage quoted above, uses an illustration somewhat similar. “I see a painted lyre, and moved by this, as the prior and leading image, I have the reminiscence of a _real lyre_; this suggests the _musician_, and the musician, the song I heard him play.”[21] Again, Aristotle uses an illustration somewhat as follows: Let A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. represent a series of ideas, one of which we will to recall. From D E, as a starting point we may be moved forward by E or backward by D, by the association of ideas. If, then, on the suggestion of D E, we do not find what we would recall, we may find it by running over the series E ...