The 1st relates to values in particular. It contains their definition; the laws which regulate them; the analysis of the elements which constitute a value, or enter into its composition; and the relations which values of different origin bear to each other. The 2d part treats of the general mass of national wealth, which is here divided into separate classes, according to its destination or employment. The 3d and last part explains the manner in which the growth and distribution of national wealth takes place. PART FIRST.--OF VALUES IN PARTICULAR. The essential quality which constitutes wealth, and without which it would not be entitled to the name, is its _exchangeable value_. Exchangeable value differs from the value of utility--book 1, end of chap. iv. The relation existing between two exchangeable values, when expressed by a value generally agreed upon, is denominated _price_. The value generally agreed on among civilized nations, is that of metals. Motives to this preference. Origin of money--book 1, chap. iv. Relation between money and the metal in the state of bullion--book 1, chap. v. The price in money, or _nominal_ price of a thing, differs from its _real_ price, which is its valuation by the quantity of labour expended upon it, or which it represents--ibid. Laws, according to which the price of wealth is naturally fixed; and those accidental circumstances which occasion the actual to differ from the natural price, and which gave rise to a distinction between the _natural_ and the _market price_--book 1, chap. vii. The price of a thing, in most cases, consists of three distinct elements--the wages of the labour, the profit of the master who directs the labour, and the rent of the ground that furnishes the materials on which it is erected. There are, however, some descriptions of merchandize in which the rent forms no part of the price; and others, in which the profit forms no part of it; but none, in which it is not formed principally by the wages--book 1, chap. vi. Of _wages_. Laws, according to which the natural rate of wages is fixed; accidental circumstances which cause them to vary, during a short period, from that natural rate--book 1, chap. viii. Of the _profit_ of capitals. Laws, by which the natural right of profit is fixed; accidental circumstances which, for a long while, increase or diminish it beyond that rate--book 1, chap. ix.