CHAP. X. Of the consequences which result from the 50 reparation of the two principal classes of a people, the farmers and the free hands, with regard to their dwelling, CHAP. XI. Of the distribution of inhabitants into classes; 59 of the employments, and multiplication of them, CHAP. XII. Of the great advantage of combining a well 67 digested theory, and a perfect knowledge of facts, with the practical part of government, in order to make a people multiply, CHAP. XIII. Continuation of the same subject, with regard to 75 the necessity of having exact lists of births, deaths, and marriages, for every class of inhabitants in a modern society, CHAP. XIV. Of the abuse of agriculture and population, 82 CHAP. XV. Application of the above principles to the state 95 of population in _Great Britain_, CHAP. XVI. Why are some countries found very populous, in 101 respect of others, equally well calculated for improvement? CHAP. XVII. In what manner, and according to what 109 proportion, do plenty and scarcity affect a people? CHAP. XVIII. Of the causes and consequences of a country 114 being fully peopled, CHAP. XIX. Is the introduction of machines into manufactures 119 prejudicial to the interest of a state, or hurtful to population? CHAP. XX. Miscellaneous observations upon agriculture and 124 population, CHAP. XXI. Recapitulation of the first book, 149 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ BOOK II. Of Trade and Industry. INTRODUCTION, 161 CHAP. I. Of the reciprocal connections between trade and 166 industry, CHAP. II. Of Demand, 172 CHAP. III. Of the first principles of bartering, and how 175 this grows into trade, CHAP. IV. How the prices of goods come to be determined by 181 trade, CHAP. V. How foreign trade opens to an industrious people, 184 and the consequences of it to _the merchants_ who set it on foot, CHAP. VI. Consequences of the introduction of a passive 190 foreign trade among a people who live in simplicity and idleness, CHAP. VII. Of double competition, 196 CHAP. VIII. Of what is called expence, profit, and loss, 205 CHAP. IX. The general consequences resulting to a trading 206 nation, upon the opening of an active foreign commerce, CHAP. X. Of the balance of work and demand, 216 CHAP. XI. Why in time this balance is destroyed, 225 CHAP. XII. Of the competition between nations, 232