An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Oeconomy (Vol. 2 of 2): Being an essay on the science of domestic policy in free nations. In which are particularly considered population, agriculture, trade, industry, money, coin, interest, circulation, banks, exchange, public credit, and taxesSteuart, James, Sir
General
An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Oeconomy (Vol. 2 of 2): Being an essay on the science of domestic policy in free nations. In which are particularly considered population, agriculture, trade, industry, money, coin, interest, circulation, banks, exchange, public credit, and taxes
Steuart, James, Sir
Economics
But as to manufactures for exportation, which are not peculiar, but
which are produced by different countries, their prices are violently
pulled down by foreign competition; and the workmen are forced to
diminish them. This hurts them effectually, not because of the
diminution of the prices; because, properly speaking, this diminution is
only relative to the denominations of the coin; their gains will
purchase as many grains of bullion in the market as before, but not so
much coin, and consequently not so much of any commodity which, by the
principles just laid down, have attached themselves to the denominations
of the coin, and have risen in their price along with it.
From this short exposition of a very intricate matter, we may conclude,
that the imposition of coinage does not raise the price of such
merchandize as is in common to several nations, and which trade demands
from each, without any competition with the natives; that is to say, the
prices of them stand as formerly with respect to strangers; because
although the prices be made to sink at home, with respect to the
denominations of the coin, yet strangers, being obliged to pay for them
in those denominations, are also obliged to pay an advanced price for
the coin, in order to procure them. This is the price of coinage. This,
I confess, is a little subtil, but I believe the reasoning will be found
just.
On the other hand, when trade extends itself to other commodities, to
those, I mean, which it buys in competition with the natives (and which
are made to rise and fall from the vicissitudes of inland demand) or to
such commodities as are peculiar to the country; in these cases, I have
little doubt but the prices, once raised and continued high for some
time, attach themselves to the denominations of the coin, and rise along
with it; that is to say, coinage is included over and above the price
which the merchandize would have born had no coinage been imposed.
[Sidenote: How this hurts the industrious, and how the state may
indemnify them.]
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