An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Oeconomy (Vol. 2 of 2): Being an essay on the science of domestic policy in free nations. In which are particularly considered population, agriculture, trade, industry, money, coin, interest, circulation, banks, exchange, public credit, and taxesSteuart, James, Sir
General
An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Oeconomy (Vol. 2 of 2): Being an essay on the science of domestic policy in free nations. In which are particularly considered population, agriculture, trade, industry, money, coin, interest, circulation, banks, exchange, public credit, and taxes
Steuart, James, Sir
Economics
This the minister had proposed in the subvention, though perhaps the
plan was too great; and the parliament, when they rejected the proposal,
sensible that the exigencies of the state demanded a supply of money,
proposed in their turn, as an equivalent for the general subvention, to
coin for 600 millions of notes, which were to have the sanction of
parliament for their fund of payment; but no provision was made for the
ready circulation of them in the interim.
Here then is an example where the sentiments of the French nation were
divided upon the principles of public credit. And this affords a good
opportunity of reconciling them, and of confirming the doctrine we have
been endeavouring to establish.
The minister felt the disadvantage of the King’s borrowing upon a lame
security; he therefore proposed a solid and permanent fund of credit for
performing the obligations to be contracted with the creditors.
The parliament, on the other hand, examined the situation of the people,
who, they thought, were no longer in a capacity to pay the taxes already
imposed; and therefore concluded, that it was unnecessary to establish
any new one. They therefore proposed to augment circulation, by
providing a means whereby alienations might be carried on, and by that
they expected to render the taxes already imposed more productive.
Both parties were in the right, as commonly is the case in such
disputes; but they did not perceive how their opinions could be
reconciled.
Had circulation been facilitated by the establishment of a bank upon
true principles, perhaps the taxes already imposed, might have produced
a sufficient fund for carrying on the war, without the expedient of the
general subvention.
But the manner proposed by the parliament to increase circulation, by
paying with paper money, and not providing a fund for realizing it when
it came to stagnate, was an expedient entirely delusive. The paper would
soon have fallen to a great discount: the remembrance of the Missisippi
would probably have been revived, which would have occasioned the
locking up of the coin; and the kingdom might have been involved in the
greatest distress and bankruptcy.
The minister should therefore have concurred with the parliament in a
scheme for establishing a bank: the King might safely have entrusted the
administration of it to parliament, and even have supplied coin from the
royal treasury for circulating the paper. But the minister, I suppose,
took it for granted, that taxes _would_ be paid, providing they were
imposed; and the parliament, that the paper _would_ circulate, providing
it was issued.
The reasonings I have ascribed to each party in this dispute, are not
founded upon information: they are only natural conjectures which I form
from the opposition of sentiments between men who were all, I suppose,
well acquainted with the situation of France, and who respectively took
part according to the combinations which occurred to them.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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